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Style and formatting Style Subpages Policies & Guidelines
Project specific The Aviation WikiProject's style guide is intended to apply to all articles within the project's scope—in other words, to all articles related to aviation. While the recommendations presented here are well-suited for the vast majority of such articles, there exist a number of peculiar cases where, for lack of a better solution, alternate approaches have been taken. These exceptions are often the result of protracted negotiation; if something seems unusual or out-of-place, it may be worthwhile to ask before attempting to change it, as there might be reasons for the oddity that are not immediately obvious!
[edit] General principlesThis project should endeavor to remain consistent, firstly by abiding by the guidelines set out in the Manual of Style. Wherever necessary, this page and its subpages will set out more specific guidelines. Style and formatting should be consistent within a Wikipedia article, though not necessarily throughout Wikipedia as a whole. Being consistent within an article promotes clarity and cohesion. Therefore, even where the Manual of Style permits alternative usages, be consistent within an article. [edit] AudienceFurther information: Wikipedia:Explain jargon and Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not Wikipedia is written for the general reader, it is not a comprehensive guide to aviation nor a how-to manual. Although aviation fans will find much of interest, writing should not assume they are the target audience. Example: To many readers the term stall used in some associations will evoke the image of an engine stall which refers to a sudden stopping of the engine turning; in actuality a stall is a reduction in the lift generated by an airfoil. [edit] Naming conventionsMain articles: Wikipedia:Naming conventions, Wikipedia:Naming conventions (precision), and Wikipedia:Naming conventions (use English) In general, article naming should prefer what the greatest number of English speakers would most easily recognize, with a reasonable minimum of ambiguity, while at the same time making linking to those articles easy and second nature. The names of Wikipedia articles should be optimized for readers over editors, and for a general audience over specialists. in this case WikiProject members would be considered specialists. [edit] AccidentsAn article should be named as "AIRLINE FLIGHT NUMBER", for example Air Florida Flight 90, or if there is no flight number, then "DATE LOCATION AIRLINE AIRCRAFT TYPE crash", for example 2007 Mogadishu TransAVIAexport Airlines Il-76 crash. [edit] Aircraft/Rotorcraft/GlidersMain article: Wikipedia:Naming conventions (aircraft) In general, aircraft articles are named by their manufacturer, then by name and/or designation number, for example Boeing 747, Supermarine Spitfire. Articles should always be named as generally as possible, so an article should only be named after a subtype (e.g. Messerschmitt Bf 109G) if writing about that specific version of the aircraft. Usually this will mean that we already have a more general article about the aircraft, relevant to all subtypes. If no general article exists, it may be worthwhile expanding the article slightly so that it encompasses all variants of the aircraft. [edit] AirlinesArticles are placed under the most common english version of their name, for example Malaysia Airlines, El Al. [edit] Airports
When creating airport articles, redirects should be created from any additional names that the airport may be known as. Check to see if other airports have the same name, which is quite common if you use a common name like Tri-Cities Airport or Tri-City Airport. Likewise only using the city/state/country name can also produce conflicts like San Jose Airport. Be aware that many airport articles do not yet exist so doing a search on Wikipedia for other airports with the same name can produce misleading results. [edit] BiographiesMain articles: Wikipedia:Naming conventions (people) and Wikipedia:Naming conventions (names and titles) Generally, article naming should prefer what the greatest number of English speakers would most easily recognize, with a reasonable minimum of ambiguity, while at the same time making linking to those articles easy and second nature. If that name is with a middle name or an abbreviation, make the Wikipedia article name conform to that format. Military and award winners are sometimes identified with titles; Heinrich Gontermann is Heinrich Ritter von Gontermann after being awarded the Military Order of Max Joseph. Use the most commonly cited name, and create redirects from the other variations. [edit] Article layoutsFurther information: Wikipedia:Layout The following suggested layouts are intended to help structure a new article or when an existing article requires a substantial rewrite. Changing an established article simply to fit these guidelines should be discussed to gain consensus. The given order of sections is also encouraged but may be varied, particularly if that helps an article progressively develop concepts and avoid repetition. Suggested sections not applicable to the subject should not be included. Articles in a series should use a consistent layout. See also and External links sections should be avoided when possible by using wikilinks and references in the body of the article. [edit] AircraftThe opening paragraph (or lead section) should concisely convey:
Without going any further, a reader should already have a good basic idea of what kind of aircraft the article is describing. The article can be structured along these lines:
[edit] AirlinesThe opening paragraph (or lead section) should concisely convey:
Without going any further, a reader should already have a good basic idea of what kind of airline the article is describing. The article can be structured along these lines:
[edit] Destination listWhen listing airlines and their destinations in airport articles, use {{Airport-dest-list}}. [edit] Fleet
[edit] Incidents and accidents section
[edit] AirportsConsider including the following headings in each article:
[edit] AccidentsFurther information: Wikipedia:WikiProject Aviation/Style guide/Layout (Accidents)
[edit] Content[edit] EnglishFurther information: Wikipedia:Manual of Style#National varieties of English and Wikipedia:Manual of Style (spelling) Articles on topics that have strong ties to a particular English-speaking nation should use the appropriate variety of English for that nation. In the handful of universal articles such as Aviation the consensus is to continue using the variety of English currently in use. [edit] Popular culture and triviaFurther information: Wikipedia:Trivia sections and Wikipedia:"In popular culture" articles Avoid lists of trivia by working these bits of information into the main body text. Sections on history, impact or popular culture can help to structure such material. Sections on popular culture should be avoided unless the subject has had a well-cited and notable impact on popular culture. Any popular culture reference being considered for inclusion must be attributed to a reliable source for the article topic. Items meeting these requirements should typically be worked into the text of the article; a separate section for popular culture items, and in particular the following, should be avoided:
This tends to be a particular problem in articles on aircraft ; for example, the B-17 Flying Fortress and the Spitfire may appear in any World War II film, and their many appearances don't warrant an exhaustive list. On the other hand, the overall idea of the B-17s as a symbol of American power, is certainly notable. [edit] See also and External linksSee also: Wikipedia:External links and Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not Links included in the See also and External links sections should be integrated into the body of the article whenever possible and used as references. Links that are already used in the body of the article or in an infobox should not be replicated in these sections. These sections are often used as a quick and easy way to add material to an article. This is not necessarily bad, as a maintaining editor can see the worth of such a link and incorporate it in the body of the article as needed. Links must be examined as to their relationship to the context and scope of the article; if the link does not fit the context and scope, then the link should be redacted or moved to the proper article. [edit] FormattingA best practice is to use citation templates to format external links. Web links should include the accessdate field; as these links age, they should be checked to see if they are still live or relevant and the accessdate updated. The proper use of templates also help to prevent titles and descriptions created by editors that may be exhibit POV and makes it easier for another editor to work a link in as a reference. [edit] Sister projectsFurther information: Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects When there is applicable material on a sister project such as Wikiquote, Wikisource or Wikimedia Commons, then the appropriate project templates should be added to either See also or External links. [edit] PortalFurther information: Wikipedia:Portal {{Aviation portal}} can be added to the beginning of the See also section. Other WikiProject portals may also apply. [edit] UnitsUnits in specification tables and main article text should follow those used by the original manufacturer, e.g., the Supermarine Spitfire being a British aircraft uses Imperial units primarily where the Messerschmitt Bf 109 uses the Metric system. Conversions should be provided where possible using the guidelines at Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers). [edit] Styles[edit] Bold faceMain article: Wikipedia:MOSBOLD#Boldface Use italics, not boldface, for emphasis in article text. Use boldface in the remainder of the article only for a few special uses:
[edit] Italic faceAccording to MOS:TITLE#Italics and Wikipedia:ITALICS#Italic face individual named aircraft should be italicized. [edit] CapitalizationFor more details on this topic, see Wikipedia:Manual of Style (capital letters)#Military terms. [edit] Flag iconsFor more details on this topic, see Wikipedia:Manual of Style (flags). In general, the use of flag icons is not recommended; neither, however, is it prohibited. When deciding whether flag icons are appropriate in a particular context, consider:
When flag icons are used, they should be historically accurate ones. In particular:
When dealing with biographical infobox templates, the most common practice is to use flag icons to indicate allegiance or branch of service, but not place of birth or death. However, there remains considerable disagreement regarding the appropriateness of flags in such cases, so editors should not regard this as a universal rule. Repeated use of a flag in a table or infobox (usually to save space and avoid repeating the country name) should only be done if the flag has been used previously in the table with the country name. [edit]Further information: Help:Infobox, Wikipedia:Manual of Style (infoboxes), Wikipedia:WikiProject Infoboxes, and Wikipedia:Non-free content Infoboxes are used to provide a consistent summary of the subject; navboxes help readers browse through related articles. The various templates maintained by the Aviation WikiProject are all coded to use a common set of styling characteristics, as it is beneficial for providing a consistent appearance to the entire set of articles within our scope. A number of specialized templates are available for use at Wikipedia:WikiProject Aviation/Templates. Non-free images used in infoboxes should be directly related to the subject; the use of generic logos is not recommended and usually constitutes a purely decorative use. Navigation templates specific to aviation can be found at Wikipedia:WikiProject Aviation/Templates#Footers. Non-free images should not be used in navboxes—this is considered a decorative use. [edit] Infobox templatesA few general guidelines apply to all aviation infoboxes:
[edit] Primary infoboxesFurther information: Wikipedia:WikiProject Aviation/Templates A primary infobox is intended to provide a summary table for some topic. It should generally be placed at the top of an article, before the lead section; this will cause it to be displayed in the top right corner. [edit]Further information: Wikipedia:WikiProject_Aircraft/Templates#Footers The various navigation templates maintained by the Aviation WikiProject are all intended to be implemented using the standard navigation box format. This is beneficial for providing a consistent appearance to the entire set of articles within our scope. [edit] ListsFurther information: Wikipedia:Lists, Wikipedia:Embedded list, Wikipedia:Lists (stand-alone lists), Wikipedia:Listcruft, Wikipedia:Naming conventions (long lists), Wikipedia:Featured lists, and Wikipedia:Non-free content Lists should have criteria for inclusion and formatting guidelines clearly defined on the article talk page. Example: Talk:List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft. The use of non-free media in lists usually fails the test for significance. [edit] NamingFurther information: Wikipedia:Stand-alone lists#Naming_conventions
[edit] Sourcing and citationFurther information: Wikipedia:Verifiability, Wikipedia:Citing sources, Wikipedia:Reliable sources, Wikipedia:Footnotes, and Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2008-06-26/Dispatches [edit] Sources
Policy requires that articles reference only reliable sources; however, this is a minimal condition, rather than a final goal. With the exception of certain recent topics that have not yet become the subject of extensive secondary analysis, and for which a lower standard may be temporarily permitted, articles on military history should aim to be based primarily on published secondary works by reputable historians. The use of high-quality primary sources is also appropriate, but care should be taken to use them correctly, without straying into original research. Editors are encouraged to extensively survey the available literature—and, in particular, any available historiographic commentary—regarding an article's topic in order to identify every source considered to be authoritative or significant; these sources should, if possible, be directly consulted when writing the article. [edit] Citations
The nature of historical material requires that articles be thoroughly—even exhaustively—cited. At a minimum, the following all require direct citation:
In general, any statement for which a citation has been explicitly requested by another editor should be provided with one as well. Beyond this, editors are encouraged to cite any statement that is obscure or difficult to find in the available sources, as well as any significant statement in general. There is no numerical requirement for a particular density of citations or for some predetermined number of citations in an article; editors are expected to use their best judgement as to how much citation is appropriate. When in doubt, cite; additional citations are harmless at worst, and may prove invaluable in the long term. [edit] Citation stylesFurther information: Wikipedia:Citing sources#Inline citations In general, articles may use one of two citation styles:
The final choice of which style to follow is left to the discretion of an article's editors. [edit] Requesting citationsEditors should attempt to take a reasonable approach when requesting citations. Unless the accuracy of a statement is in significant doubt, it is generally better to start with a request for citations on the article's talk page, rather than by inserting {{fact}} tags—particularly large numbers of such tags—into the article. Over-tagging should be avoided; if a large portion of the article is uncited, adding an {{unreferenced}} or {{citation style}} tag to an entire section is usually more helpful than simply placing {{fact}} tags on every sentence. Note that some articles contain per-paragraph citations, so checking the citations at the end of a paragraph may yield information about facts or figures in the paragraph as a whole. [edit] CategoriesFurther information: Wikipedia:Categorization, Categorization, and Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/Categories
The category scheme originates in one root category—Category:Aviation—and can be thought of as a tree structure. A guide to the top-level sub-categories of this category is presented below; for brevity, a number of categories that are rarely used or lie outside the scope of this project have been omitted.
..... [edit] General principles[edit] NamingA number of naming conventions exist specifically for category names; most of these are used to ensure consistent naming among all the sub-categories of a particular category.
[edit] Most specific categoriesIn general, articles and categories should be placed in the most specific applicable categories, and should not be placed directly in a "parent" category if they are already present in one of its sub-categories. In other words, if an article is placed in Category:United States airliners 1940-1949, there is no need to place it in Category:United States civil aircraft 1940-1949 or Category:Aircraft manufactured by the United States as well. Note, however, that this applies only to direct placement into a "parent" category; it is normal for a category to have multiple indirect paths up to some other category higher in the tree. For example, Category:United States military transport aircraft 1940-1949 is both a sub-category of Category:Military transport aircraft 1940-1949 (which is a sub-category of Category:Military aircraft 1940-1949) and a sub-category of Category:United States military aircraft 1940-1949 (which is also a sub-category Category:Military aircraft 1940-1949); thus, there are two distinct paths from Category:United States military transport aircraft 1940-1949 up to Category:Military aircraft 1940-1949. This is especially common when dealing with intersection categories. [edit] Nested categories
[edit] Intersection categories
[edit] Aircraft
[edit] Airlines
[edit] AirportsAirport articles should include the most specific category possible based on location. Each country has its own airport category, which can be found at Category: Airports by country (also available grouped by continent at Category: Airports by continent). For example, Copenhagen Airport in Denmark includes Category: Airports in Denmark. Some larger countries have sub-categories for first level administrative divisions, such as state or province. These can be found under the country's airport category and should be used where available. For example, Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport in the Canadian province of Quebec includes Category: Airports in Quebec, a sub-category of Category: Airports in Canada (which is not added to the article). Airport articles often include a location category for an administrative division below that of the airport category. For example, Nice Côte d'Azur Airport in Nice, France, includes both Category: Airports in France and Category: Nice. Besides the location related categories, some airport articles may include other categories, such as those listed at Category: Airports by type. For example, Independence State Airport in the U.S. state of Oregon includes Category: Residential airparks in addition to Category: Airports in Oregon and Category: Polk County, Oregon. [edit] ImagesFurther information: Wikipedia:Images, Wikipedia:Captions, Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Images, and Wikipedia:Image use policy#Photo galleries [edit] GalleriesFurther information: Wikipedia:Image use policy#Image_galleries
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