The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Turkish and Azeri pronunciations in Wikipedia articles.
See Turkish phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Turkish.
| Consonants | | IPA | Examples | English equivalent | | b | b | abash | | c | k[1] | ski[2] | | d | d | ado | | dʒ | c | dodge | | f | f | food | | ɡ | g[1] | agate | | h | h | hone | | j | y, ğ[3] | yak | | ɟ | g[1] | gear | | k | k[1] | skoot | | l | lâle 'tulip'[1] | leaf | | ɫ | lala 'tutor'[1] | wool | | m | m | much | | n | n | not | | p | p | span | | q | q[1] (Azeri) | a k in the throat | | ɾ | r | (US) ladder; Scottish r | | s | s | sue | | ʃ | ş | shoe | | t | t | stable | | tʃ | ç | catch | | v | v | vase, how[4] | | ɰ | ğ | [3] | | x | x (Azeri) | Bach | | z | z | zen | | ʒ | j | beige | | | Vowels | | IPA | Examples | English equivalent | | a | dal 'branch' | Spanish or French a to English dull | | ɑ | Azərbaycan (Azeri) | bra | | æ | Azərbaycan (Azeri) | cat | | e | yel 'wind' | between yell and Yale | | i | dil 'tongue' | between dill and deal | | o | yol 'way' | old | | ø | gör 'to see' | German ö or French eu | | u | uçak 'airplane' | loot | | ɯ | ılık 'mild' | rather like look | | y | güneş 'sun' | German ü or French u |
| Suprasegmentals | | IPA | Examples | | ˈ | torbalı [torbaˈlɯ] 'with bag'
Torbalı [ˈtorbalɯ] (a place name) [5] | | ː | â, û, ğ[3] | âlem [aːlem] 'world' | |
- ^ a b c d e f g [c ~ k] (Turkish) / [c ~ q] (Azeri), [ɟ ~ ɡ], [l ~ ɫ] only contrast in loan words before <â, û> vs. <a, u>; in native words, [c, ɟ, l] occur before the front vowels [i, e, æ, ø, y], while [k/q, ɡ, ɫ] occur before the back vowels [a, o, u, ɯ].
- ^ In many eastern Turkish/Azeri dialects, [c] at the end of a word or before a voiceless consonant may become [ç] as in huge
- ^ a b c Between front vowels (e i ø y), ğ is similar to English y. Between back vowels (a o u ɯ), it is a very light [ɰ] sound, like Spanish trigo. Word-finally or before a consonant, it lengthens the preceding vowel.
- ^ V may become [w] after a vowel
- ^ In Turkish proper, excepting certain unstressed suffixes and stressed verb tenses, proper nouns are typically stressed on the 2nd or 3rd last syllable, and other words on the last syllable.
