The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Russian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. See Russian phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Russian. | IPA | Examples | IPA | Examples[1] | English equivalents | | Consonants | | b | бок; небо | bʲ | белого; воробей | boot; beautiful | | d | дом; деда | dʲ | делает; Владимир | do; dew (for some dialects) | | f | фата; выставка;[2] Чехов;[3] шурф | fʲ | фея; червь[3] | fool; few | | ɡ | говорю; другой | ɡʲ | гербарий; ноги | goo; ague | | j | есть; юла; я; толстый [4] | yes, boy | | k | кость; рука; бок | kʲ | кишки; короткий | cooter; cute | | l | луна; стула ; ствол[5] | lʲ | лес; колено; мысль | pill; least | | m | мыло; думать; там | mʲ | мясо; доме | moot; mute | | n | нос; он | nʲ | нёс; они; корень | noon; new (for some dialects) | | p | пыль; стопа; скрип; зуб[3] | pʲ | пепел | poo; pew | | r | рыба; широкий; орла; жир | rʲ | река; четыре; три; зверь | trilled r, like Spanish | | s | собака; писать; нос; глаз[3] | sʲ | синего; здесь; есть; грызть[2] | soup; super (for some dialects) | | ʂ | широкий; наш; хороший; муж;[3] что | ɕɕ | щегол; считать; мужчина; вращать [6] | shop; fresh cheese | | t | тот; читаю; водка;[2] лёд[3] | tʲ | тереть; дитя; грудь[3] | tool; tune (for some dialects) | | ts | цель; птица; отец | tɕ | чей; печень; течь | tsunami, cats; chip | | v | ваш; давать; его[7] | vʲ | вести; человек | voodoo; view | | x | ходить; ухо; бог[8] | xʲ | хина; лёгких[2][8] | bach; huge (for some dialects) | | z | заезжать; язык | zʲ | зелёный; озеро; просьба;[2] зверь | zooo; azure (for some dialects) | | ʐ | жест; тяжёлый | ʑʑ | сжимать; заезжать | rouge; | | | IPA | Examples | English equivalent | | Stressed vowels | | a | трава́ | ton | | æ | пять | tan | | ɑ | па́лка [9] | palm | | e | цель | pay | | ɛ | жест | met | | i | си́него | meat | | ɨ | ты | roses (for some dialects) | | o | о́блако | chore | | ɵ | тётя | | | u | пу́ля | choose | | ʉ | чуть | | | Unstressed vowels | | ɐ | паро́м; сообража́ть; стопа́ | bud | | ə | ко́жа; ше́я; облако | about | | ɪ | тяжёлый; эта́п; четы́ре | bit | | ɨ | дыша́ть; жена́; се́рдце | roses (for some dialects) | | ʉ | юти́ться | | u | мужчи́на | euphoria | | Other symbols used in transcription of Russian pronunciation | | IPA | Explanation | | ˈ | Stress (placed before the stressed syllable),
for example этап [ɪˈtap] | | - ^ Russian makes contrasts between palatalized ("soft") and unpalatalized ("hard") consonants. Palatalized consonants, denoted by a superscript j, < ʲ >, are pronounced with the body of the tongue raised toward the hard palate, in a manner similar to the articulation of the <y> sound in yes. /j/, /ɕɕ/, /tɕ/, /ʑʑ/ are also considered "soft".
- ^ a b c d e In consonant clusters, the voicing or devoicing is determined by that of the final obstruent in the sequence (Halle 1959:31)
- ^ a b c d e f g Voiced obstruents (/b/, /bʲ/, /d/, /dʲ/ /ɡ/, /v/, /vʲ/, /z/, /zʲ/, /ʐ/, and /ʑʑ/) are devoiced word-finally unless the next word begins with a voiced obstruent (Halle 1959:22).
- ^ The "soft" vowel letters <е> <ю> and <я> represent a /j/ plus a vowel when initial or following other vowels or a yer. When such vowels are unstressed, the /j/ may be deleted.
- ^ /l/ is often strongly pharyngealized but this feature is nondistinctive (Ladefoged & Maddieson 1996:187-188).
- ^ While some speakers pronounce words with <щ> as [ɕɕ] and some as [ɕtɕ], none contrast the two pronunciations, even in words where this sound is spelled with other letters.
- ^ Intervocalic <г> can represent /v/ in certain words and affixes
- ^ a b When /ɡ/ loses its voicing, it is also lenited
- ^ [ɑ] appears between a hard consonant (or a pause) and /l/
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