The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Portuguese language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. There are two major standards, one of Portugal (EP) and one of Brazil (BP). Neither variant is preferred over the other at Wikipedia except in cases where a local pronunciation is clearly more relevant (such as a place in Brazil or a Portuguese artist). See Portuguese phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Portuguese. | IPA | Examples | English equivalent | | Consonants | | b | besta; sábado (BP)[1] | lambast | | β | sábado (EP)[1] | Between baby and bevy | | d | dedo; digo (EP); rapadura (BP)[1]; cidade (EP)[2] | condone | | ð | rapadura (EP); metade (EP)[1] | this | | dʒ | digo (BP); cidade (BP)[2] | engine | | f | fase; café | deface | | ɡ | gato; trigo;[1] guerra | ago | | ɣ | magarefe (EP)[1] | between a light ago and ahold | | j | iate; sai; saibro | you, boy | | k | cama; laca; queijo | scan | | l | linho; calor | slip | | ɫ[3] | mal (EP, Rio Grande do Sul) | pill (most dialects) | | ʎ | lhama; velho | roughly similar to million | | m | mãe; comer | almighty | | n | nata; ano | sonic | | ɲ | banho | roughly similar to canyon | | p | poço; topo | spouse | | ʁ | raro; arranha; enrascado; morte (most variants of BP); amor eterno (most variants of BP)[4] | Depends on variant (see note) | | ɾ | raro; aranha; bravo; morte (EP, Rio Grande do Sul, São Paulo[5]); por acaso | roughly similar to ladder in American English | | s | saco; baço; promessa; mastro (most varieties of BP); portas fechadas (most varieties of BP) | sack | | ʃ | chave; baixo; portas, escola (EP, Rio de Janeiro, Pernambuco, Paraíba, Pará, Amazonas) | hardship | | t | taça; átomo; tipo (EP); gente (EP)[2] | stand | | tʃ | tipo (BP); gente (BP)[2]; tchau | reach | | v | vaca; cavalo | divine | | w | quando; guarda; frequente; mau; principal (BP) | wine, cow | | z | zorro; casa; portas abertas; rasgado (most variants of BP); portas brancas (most variants of BP) | Brazilian | | ʒ | gente; jamais; rasgado (EP, Rio de Janeiro); portas brancas (EP, Rio de Janeiro) | rouge, measure | | | IPA | Examples | | Vowels | | a | taça, cabide | | ɐ | taça | | ɐ̃ | canto, órgão | | e | meto, vê, semáforo | | ẽ | cento | | ɛ | meta, sé always stressed | | i | tipo, gente (BP) | | ĩ | cinco | | ɨ | gente (EP) | | o | formoso, avô, boneco | | õ | conto, ponteio | | ɔ | formosa, avó always stressed | | u | cubo, bucal | | ũ | fungo, função | | | IPA | Explanation | | Stress | | ˈ | Primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable), for example [ˈmetu] meto | [edit] See also - ^ a b c d e f In northern and central Portugal, /b/, /d/, and /ɡ/ are lenited to fricatives of the same place of articulation ([β], [ð], and [ɣ], respectively) in all places except after a pause, or a nasal vowel, in which contexts they are stops [b, d, ɡ], not dissimilar from English b, d, g. (Mateus & d'Andrade 2000:11).
- ^ a b c d In most varieties of Brazilian Portuguese, /d, t/ are affricated to [dʒ, tʃ] before /i, ĩ/.
- ^ In European Portuguese, post-vocallic /l/ is usually velarized much like with pill for many English speakers.
- ^ The rhotic consonant represented as <ʁ> has considerable variation across different variants, being pronounced as [x], [h], [χ], [ʁ], etc., in Brazil and as [ʁ], [r], etc., in Portugal. See also Guttural R#Portuguese.
- ^ In Rio Grande do Sul state and São Paulo city it is an alveolar flap, while in many cities of interior of São Paulo state and south of Minas Gerais it may vary to alveolar approximant or retroflex approximant.
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