The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents the Modern Standard form of the Arabic language in Wikipedia articles.
Notice that the pronunciations in the tables may differ, affected with the native variety of Arabic used by the speaker.
See Arabic phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Arabic.
| | | IPA | Letter(s) | nearest English equivalent | Trans. | | b | ب (Bāʾ) | but | b | | t | ت (Tāʾ) | sting | t | | tˤ[1] | ط (Ṭāʾ) | No equivalent | ṭ | | d | د (Dāl) | do | d | | dˤ[1] | ض (Ḍād) | No equivalent | ḍ | | dʒ, g | ج (Gīm) | joy | ǧ, j | | k | ﻙ (Kāf) | skin | k | | f | ف (Fāʾ) | fool | f | | q[1] | ق (Qāf) | No equivalent | q, k | | θ | ﺙ (Ṯāʾ) | thing | th | | ð | ذ (Ḏāl) | this | dh | | ðˤ[1], zˤ | ظ (Ẓāʾ) | No equivalent | ẓ | | s | س (Sīn) | see | s | | sˤ[1] | ص (Ṣād) | No equivalent | ṣ | | z | ز (Zayn) | zoo | z | | ʃ | ش (Shīn) | she | sh, š | | h | هـ (Hāʾ) | hen | h | | m | م (Mīm) | man | m | | n | ن (Nūn) | no | n | | l | ل (Lām) | leaf | l | | lˤ | اللــه | allah | l | | r | ر (Rāʾ) | trilled run, like in Spanish | r | | w | و (Wāw) | we | w | | j | ي (Yāʾ) | yes | y | | x | خ (Ḫāʾ) | loch | kh, ḫ | | ɣ | غ (Ġain) | between a light go and ahold | gh, ġ | | ħ[1] | ح (Ḥāʾ) | No equivalent | ḥ | | ʕ[1] | ع (ʿayn) | No equivalent | ʿ | | ʔ | ء (Hamza) | uh-(ʔ)oh | ʾ | | | | | IPA | Letter(s) | English Examples | Trans. | | iː | ي | see | ī | | i | | sit | i | | æː, ɑː[1][2] | ا (ʾAlif) | fan, fawn | ā | | æ, ɑ [1][2] | | fat, fought | a | | uː | و | soon | ū | | u | | soot | u | |
[edit] IPA: Marginal Sounds |
| IPA | Letter(s) | English Examples | Trans. |
| p | پ (Pe) | | p |
| v | ڤ (Ve) | | v |
| ɡ | ج[3], گ (Gāf) | | g |
| ʒ | چ[4], ژ (Zhe) | | ž, zh |
| tʃ | چ (Che) or تش | | č, ch |
| eː | ي | | e |
| oː | و | | o |
Notes:
- Countries where French language is the main foreign language or widely taught, usually use transcribe /ʃ/ (ش) as ch instead of sh.
- /p/ and /v/ only appear in loanwords.
- /ɡ/ and /tʃ/ are used in colloquial dialects and loanwords.
- /ʒ/ & /ɡ/ are used in place of /dʒ/ in a number of dialects as well as variants of MSA.
- /eː/ & /oː/ appear in non-Modern Standard Arabic pronunciation & words of foreign origin.
- Final /æ/ & /ɑ/ change to [ɐ]. This is only common in Iraq & other Persian gulf West Asian states.
[edit] IPA: Other symbols used in transcription of Arabic pronunciation |
| IPA | Explanation |
| ˈ | Primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable), for example rapping /ˈɹæpɪŋ/ |
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Both the long and short a phonemes are retracted to [ɑ(ː)] in the environment of pharyngeal and pharyngealized consonants (i.e. the so-called "emphatic" consonants), namely /tˤ dˤ ðˤ q sˤ/.
- ^ a b In word-final position, the a phonemes may be [ɐ].
- ^ In Egypt, ج is pronounced [g]
- ^ چ is sometimes used for [ʒ]
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
