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White supremacist groups can be found in most countries and regions with a significant white population, including North America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Latin America, and Russia. Some represent the view of the minority of the population to the majority. The militant approach taken by white supremacist groups has caused them to be watched closely by law enforcement officials. Some European countries have laws forbidding hate speech, as well as other laws that ban or restrict some white supremacist organizations.
[edit] Systemic white supremacy
White supremacy was dominant in the United States before the American Civil War and for decades after Reconstruction.[4] In large areas of the United States this including the holding of non-whites (specifically African Americans) in chattel slavery. The outbreak of the Civil War saw the desire to uphold white supremacy cited as a cause for state secession[5] and the formation of the Confederate States of America.[6] White supremacy was also dominant in Apartheid-era South Africa and parts of Europe at various time periods; most notably under Nazi Germany's Third Reich.[citation needed] In some parts of the United States, many people who were considered non-white were disenfranchised, barred from government office, and prevented from holding most government jobs well into the second half of the twentieth century. White leaders often viewed Native Americans (known as First Nations in Canada) and Australian Aborigines as obstacles to economic and political progress, rather than as settlers in their own right. Many European-settled countries bordering the Pacific Ocean limited immigration and naturalization from the Asian Pacific countries, usually on a cultural basis. Many U.S. states banned interracial marriage through anti-miscegenation laws until 1967, when these laws were declared unconstitutional. South Africa maintained its white supremacist-like Apartheid system until the early 1990s.[citation needed] [edit] Movements and ideologies
Members of the second Ku Klux Klan at a rally in 1923. Supporters of Nordicism and Germanism consider Nordic people (Scandinavians, Germans, British, and Dutch) to be superior, shunning those of Southern and Eastern Europe (who may have darker features and different cultures) along with anyone whose ethnic heritage is not European. In Madison Grant's 1916 book, The Passing of the Great Race, Europeans who were not of Germanic origin, but who had Nordic characteristics such as blonde/red hair and blue/green/gray eyes were considered to be a Nordic admixture and suitable for Aryanization.[7] In the United States, the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), is the group most associated with the white supremacist movement. Many white supremacist groups are based on the concept of preserving genetic purity, and do not focus solely on discrimination by skin color.[8] The KKK's reasons for supporting racial segregation are not primarily based on religious ideals, but some Klan groups are openly Protestant. The KKK and other white supremacist groups like Aryan Nations, the Order and the White Patriot Party are considered Anti-Semitic.[9] Christian Identity is another movement closely tied to white supremacy. Some white supremacists identify themselves as Odinists, although some Odinists reject white supremacy, and white supremacists are only one faction of those who support Odinism. Some white supremacist groups, such as the South African Boeremag, conflate elements of Christianity and Odinism. The World Church of the Creator (now called the Creativity Movement), believed that a person's race is his religion. Aside from this, its ideology is similar to many Christian Identity groups, in their belief that there is a Jewish conspiracy in control of the United States government, international banking, and the media. They claim that a Racial Holy War is destined to happen, which would eliminate Jews and "mud races" from the planet.[citation needed] Matt Hale, founder of the World Church of the Creator has published articles claiming that all races other than white are “mud races”.[10] The white supremacist ideology has become associated with a racist faction of the skinhead subculture, despite the fact that when the skinhead scene first developed in the United Kingdom in the late 1960s, it was heavily influenced by Jamaican rude boys and British mods.[11][12][13] By the 1980s, a sizeable and vocal white power skinhead faction had formed.[citation needed] Recruitment tactics are primarily on a grassroots level and on the Internet. The availability of access of the Internet has led to a dramatic increase in white supremacist websites.[14] The Internet provides a venue to openly express white supremacy ideology at little Social cost because the people who post the information are able to remain anonymous. [edit] See also
[edit] Footnotes
[edit] Further reading
[edit] External links'Heart of whiteness' documentary film about what it means to be white in South Africa
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