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West Canfield Historic District
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. Historic District
Houses on West Canfield
Location: Detroit, Michigan  United States
Coordinates: 42°21′3″N 83°4′4″W / 42.35083°N 83.06778°W / 42.35083; -83.06778
Built/Founded: 1871
Architectural style(s): Queen Anne
Governing body: Local
MPS: Cass Farm MPS (boundary increase only)
Added to NRHP: May 27, 1971; September 22, 1997 (boundary increase)
NRHP Reference#: 71000433, 97001092 (boundary increase)[1]


The West Canfield Historic District is a historic district located primarily on Canfield Ave. between Second and Third Streets in Detroit, Michigan. A boundary increase enlarged the district to include buildings on Third Avenue between Canfield and Calumet. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971; a boundary increase was added in 1997.[1]

[edit] History

West Canfield streetscape

The area around the West Canfield Historic District was once owned by Lewis Cass, an early governor of Michigan.[2] When he died in 1866, his two daughters inherited his holdings.[3] Three years later, they divided the property, with Cass's daughter Mary receiving the portion where the West Canfield Historic District is now located.[3] Mary's husband was Captain August Canfield, a graduate of West Point and a major investor in the construction of the ship canal at Sault Ste. Marie.[2] In 1871, Mary Cass Canfield subdivided her land, naming Canfield Avenue in honor of her husband.[2]

In the early 1870s, numerous brick Queen Anne homes were constructed along Canfield, on spacious lots with generous setbacks.[2] The original platting specified that each lot would measure 50 by 190 feet, and that there would be "a 30 foot setback for sidewalk, shrubbery, and ornamental purposes."[4] The street was populated by prosperous attorneys, physicians, dentists, architects, and other professionals.[3] Construction continued into the 1880s.[4] The street remained a prime residential location in Detroit for decades. However, the Great Depression led to a decline in the neighborhood.[2]

Buildings included in the boundary increase of West Canfield Historic District

This decline was reversed in the 1960s as the homes were renovated.[2] In addition, the street was narrowed and returned to its original design with granite pavers, reproduction street lamps were installed, trees were planted, and grassy medians were added.[2] In 1970, the District received state and local historical designation, the first district so recognized in the city. The district was placed on the National Register of Historic Places the following year.[2] In 1997, District was expanded to include three buildings on Third Street: one additional Queen Anne style residence and two Victorian commercial buildings.[3]

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2008-04-15. http://www.nr.nps.gov/. 
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h West Canfield Historic District from the city of Detroit
  3. ^ a b c d West Canfield Historic District from Detroit1701.org
  4. ^ a b West Canfield Historic District from the National Park Service



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