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Teaching file language gentili.net | Receptive and Expressive Language minnesotavisiontherapy.co... | Speech-Language Pathology firsthealth.org | Speech-Language Therapy millerchildrenshospitallb... |
Wáray-Wáray or Waráy (commonly spelled as Waray; also referred to as Winaray or Lineyte-Samarnon) is a language spoken in the provinces of Samar, Northern Samar, Eastern Samar, Leyte (eastern portion), and Biliran in the Philippines. The Waraynon group of languages consists of Waray, Waray Sorsogon and Masbate Sorsogon. Waray Sorsogon and Masbate Sorsogon are called Bisakol because they are intermediate between Visayan and Bicolano languages. All the Warayan languages belong to the Visayan language family and are related to Cebuano and more closely to Hiligaynon and Masbatenyo.
[edit] Grammar[edit] Pronouns
[edit] The Waray copulaWaray, like other Philippine languages, does not have any exact equivalent to the English linking verb be. In Tagalog, for example, the phrase "Siya ay maganda" (She is beautiful) contains the word ay which, contrary to popular belief, does not function as an attributive copula predicating maganda (beautiful) to its subject and topic Siya (he or she). The function of Tagalog's ay is rather a marker of sentence inversion, which is regarded as a literary form but somewhat less common in spoken Tagalog. The same phrase may be spoken as Maganda siya, which has the same meaning. The Waray language in comparison would express "She is beautiful" only as "Mahusay hiya" or sometimes "Mahusay iton hiya" (iton functioning as a definite article of hiya, she), since Waray doesn't have a present-tense copula or even an inversion marker. As in other Philippine languages, attributive statements are usually represented in predicate-initial form and have no copula at all. Take for example the ordinary English sentence "This is a dog" as translated to Waray:
The predicate Ayam (dog) is placed before the subject ini (this); no copula is present. Another example:
In English: "This is the Waray/Leyte-Samar Visayan Wikipedia". The predicate Amo ini is roughly translated as "This here" but the rest of the sentence then jumps to its subject, marked by the particle an. A more literal translation would therefore be "This is the Waray/Leyte-Samar Visayan Wikipedia". Unlike Tagalog, it is grammatically impossible to invert a sentence like this into a subject-head form without importing the actual Tagalog inversion marker ay, a growing trend among younger people in Leyte. Amo word is use only in waray waray leyte. In Samar Asya (This). Despite the debate regarding the Waray copula, it would be safe to treat structures like magin (to be), an magin/an magigin (will be or will become), and an nagin (became) as the English treat linking verbs:
[edit] ExistentialWARAY TAGALOG ENGLISH may-ada meron/mayroon there is wara/waray wala none [edit] ModalWARAY TAGALOG ENGLISH puyde/sadang maaari/pwede may/can diri puyde hindi maaari/pwede may not / cannot Pahudma Pahiram/hiram may i borrow Pakit-a Patingin May i see [edit] Interrogative WordsWARAY TAGALOG ENGLISH hin-o sino who kay-ano bakit why diin saan where kanay kanino whose pa-o-nanho paano how san-o kailan when nano ano what WARAY TAGALOG ENGLISH sino sino who kay-ano bakit why diin saan where kankanay kanino whose guin-aano paano how san-o kailan when nano/ano ano what [edit] Orthography issuesWhile the now-defunct Sanghiran San Binisaya ha Samar ug Leyte (Academy of the Visayan Language of Samar and Leyte) formulated and recommended a standard orthography, this was never widely disseminated and therefore as of present there is still no official orthography commonly accepted. In effect, there may exist two spellings of the same word (these usually limited to differences in vowels only), such as
[edit] UsageWaray-Waray is one of the ten officially recognized regional languages in the Philippines and used in the local government. It is spoken through out the islands especially in the Eastern Visayas region. But it is also spoken in some parts of Mindanao, Masbate, Sorsogon and Metro Manila where Warays migrated. There is also a very small number of Filipinos abroad especially in the United States that speaks this language. Waray-Waray is widely used in media especially in radio and television. One good example of this is the regional version of one the Philippines' popular news program TV Patrol for Eastern Visayas , TV Patrol Tacloban , which is broadcasts in Waray-Waray. There is also a regional cable channel that broadcasts its programs in Waray-Waray, the An Aton Channel operated by DYVL. However print media in this language is seldom because most regional newspapers are published in English. The language is also used in the eucharistic celebrations or Holy Masses in the Roman Catholic Church in the region. Bibles published in Waray-Waray are also available. Waray-Waray songs are widely appreciated and can always be heared in the radio. In 1993, the LDS Church or Mormonism published a selected Waray-Waray edition of the Book of Mormon entitled "An Libro ni Mormon". Today, many Waray afficionados advocates the spread of usage of this language. [edit] SoundsThe Waray language has sixteen consonants: /p, t, k, b, d, ɡ, m, n, ŋ, s, h, w, l, ɾ, j/. There are three main vowels: a [a], i [ɛ ~ i], and u [o ~ ʊ]. [i ~ ɛ] and [ʊ ~ o] sound the same,[clarification needed] but [o] is still an allophone of [ʊ] in final syllables. But they now have separate sounds for each.[clarification needed] Consonants /d/ and /ɾ/ were once allophones but cannot interchange, like palaron (to be lucky) [from palad, palm (because someone's luck is seen in the palm] but not paladon and tagadiín (from where) [from diín, where] but not tagariín. [edit] NumbersNative numbers are used for numbers one through ten. From eleven onwards, Spanish numbers are exclusively used in Waray today, their native counterparts being almost unheard of by the majority of native speakers numbers (except for gatus for hundred and yukot for thousand). Some, specially the old ones, are spoken alongside the Spanish counterparts. ENGLISH NATIVE WARAY BORROWED FROM SPANISH One Usá Uno Two Duhá Dos Three Tuló Tres Four Upat Kuwatro Five Limá Singko Six Unom Siez/says Seven Pitó Siete/syete Eight Waló Ocho/otso Nine Siyám Nuebe/nueve Ten Napúlô Diez Eleven (Napúlô kag usá) Onse Twenty (Karuhaan) Baynte Thirty (Katloan) Trenta Forty (Kap-atan) Kwuarenta Fifty (Kalim-an) Singkwenta Sixty (Kaunman) Siesenta Seventy (Kapitoan) Setenta Eighty (Kawaloan) Ochienta Ninety (Kasiaman) Nobenta One Hundred Usa ka Gatus Cien One Thousand Usa ka Yukut Mil One Million Usa ka milyun milyon [edit] Some common words and phrasesBelow are examples of the Waray spoken in Metropolitan Tacloban and the nearby areas:
[edit] Other common words[edit] Technical terms
[edit] Astronomical terms
[edit] Natural terms
[edit] Parts of the house
[edit] Fashion words
[edit] Food
[edit] Animals
[edit] Waray Waray loanwords[edit] Common Waray Waray words and its foreign and local origin[edit] Indonesian/Malay
[edit] Spanish
[edit] Portuguese
[edit] Nahuatl
[edit] Chinese
[edit] English
[edit] Cebuano
[edit] See also
[edit] External links Waray-Waray edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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