add site
services
publishers
database
health videos
toolbar
stats
live show
health store
more stuff
JOIN/LOGIN
| advertise add site services publishers database health videos
| | about toolbar stats live show health store more stuff JOIN/LOGIN |
Louisville Fixed Bridges, Elizabethtown Fixed Bridges, Jeffersonville... remmersdental.com | Dental Bridge Edinburg, Dental Bridge McAllen, Dental Bridge Pharr, leefamilydentist.com | Wandsworth Dentist - Wandsworth Cosmetic Dentist Wandsworth wandsworthdentist.co.uk |
Wandsworth Bridge is a bridge over the River Thames in west London. It carries the A217 road between the areas of Battersea, near Wandsworth Town Station, in the London Borough of Wandsworth, on the south of the river, and the areas of Sands End and Parsons Green, in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, on the north side. The first bridge was a toll bridge built by Julian Tolmé in 1873, in the expectation that the western terminus of the Hammersmith and City Railway would shortly be built on the north bank, generating large numbers of people needing to cross the river at this point. The railway terminus was not built, and in addition problems with drainage on the approach road made it difficult for vehicles to use the bridge. Wandsworth Bridge was not commercially successful, and in 1880 was taken into public ownership and made toll-free. As the bridge was narrow and unable to carry buses, it was decided to replace it. In 1937 it was demolished, and the present bridge, an unadorned steel cantilever bridge designed by Sir Pierson Frank, was opened in 1940. At the time of its opening it was painted in dull shades of blue and grey as camouflage against air raids, a colour scheme it still retains. Although Wandsworth Bridge is one of the busiest bridges in London, carrying over 50,000 vehicles daily, it has been described as "probably the least noteworthy bridge in London".[3]
[edit] BackgroundAlthough on opposite sides of the river, Fulham on the north bank of the River Thames and Wandsworth on the south bank were geographically isolated from each other, with the nearest crossing points being Putney Bridge to the west and Battersea Bridge to the east, both over a mile away from Wandsworth. The fast flowing but narrow River Wandle at Wandsworth was well-situated for driving watermills, leading to the rapid spread of industry in the area in the 19th century.[4] While nearby Battersea Railway Bridge had opened in 1863,[5] as the population of the area grew and the built-up area of London expanded into the area in the 19th century, pressure grew from local residents and businesses for a bridge to be built.[6] In 1864, it was expected that the newly formed Hammersmith and City Railway would build its western terminus on the north bank of the river between Chelsea and Fulham.[6] In 1864, in anticipation of the new railway line generating high demand for a river crossing, an Act of Parliament was passed granting permission to the Wandsworth Bridge Company to build a bridge, to be financed by tolls,[6] with the proviso that the bridge would be at least 40 feet (12 m) wide and cross the river with no more than three spans.[7] Rowland Mason Ordish designed an Ordish–Lefeuvre Principle bridge to comply with the Act's specifications, of a similar design to his nearby Albert Bridge.[6] Wandsworth Bridge and Albert Bridge were authorised on the same day, and were the last tollbridges to be privately built in London.[8] [edit] 1873 bridgeThe company proved unable to finance the building of Ordish's design,[6] and in 1870 a new Act of Parliament was passed giving the company permission to build a bridge 30 feet (9.1 m) wide, crossing the river with five spans.[7] Ordish was asked to design a cheaper bridge to the new specifications but refused to change the design, so Julian Tolmé was appointed designer in his place.[6] Tolmé designed a starkly functional lattice truss bridge of wrought iron.[6] It cost £40,000 (about £2,540,000 as of 2010) to build,[7][9] and consisted of five identical spans, supported by four pairs of concrete-filled iron piers;[10] each of the cylindrical piers was sunk 14 feet (4.3 m) into the riverbed.[7] The bridge was due to open in early 1873, but the workmen engaged in construction went on strike, and a third Act of Parliament was necessary to give the company time to resolve the dispute and complete the project.[7]  Wandsworth Bridge was formally opened in a small ceremony in 1873, and a celebratory buffet was provided at the nearby Spread Eagle pub.[11] A utilitarian structure made of mismatched materials purchased for cheapness, the response to the new bridge was unenthusiastic;[11] the Illustrated London News remarked at the time of its opening that "No attempt has been made to produce architectural effect, the structure being substantial rather than ornamental".[12] A 1⁄2d toll was charged on pedestrians,[13] and carts were charged 6d.[14] In 1867 the formerly independent Hammersmith and City Railway was absorbed by the Metropolitan Railway and the Great Western Railway, and was worked from then on by Metropolitan Railway trains. The plan for a terminus in Fulham was abandoned, with the line instead turning west at Hammersmith to run over London and South Western Railway tracks to Richmond.[15] Although Wandsworth Town railway station, near the southern end of the bridge, had provided direct connections to central London since 1846,[16] the lack of rail connections opening on the north bank meant the area on the Fulham side remained undeveloped, and bridge usage was low. Tolmé's design was not sturdy enough to carry heavy vehicles,[10] while drainage problems on the approach road to the north discouraged vehicles from using Wandsworth Bridge.[14] [edit] Public ownership Wandsworth Bridge never raised enough toll revenue to cover the costs of repairs and maintenance. In 1877 the Metropolis Toll Bridges Act was passed, and in 1880 Wandsworth Bridge, along with other London bridges, was taken into the public ownership of the Metropolitan Board of Works.[10] Despite its having run at a loss throughout its lifetime, the Board of Works paid £53,313 (about £3,596,000 as of 2010) for the bridge,[9][13] a substantial increase on its £40,000 construction cost. On 26 June 1880 the Prince and Princess of Wales presided over a ceremony abolishing tolls over the three bridges.[10] By the time it was taken into public ownership, it was in very poor condition. In 1891 a weight limit of 5 tons was introduced, and in 1897 a 10 mph (16 km/h) speed limit was imposed. With its narrowness and weight restrictions, by this point it was effectively a footbridge.[10] As narrowness and weight restrictions meant that it was unable to carry buses,[17] in 1926 a Royal Commission recommended its replacement and the London County Council agreed to finance a new bridge on the site. However, in 1928 it was decided to give priority to widening the much busier Putney Bridge, and the replacement of Wandsworth Bridge was delayed. [edit] 1940 bridgeIn 1935, the Ministry of Transport agreed to finance 60% of the projected £503,000 (about £25,000,000 as of 2010) cost of a replacement bridge,[9][18] and the London County Council approved a new design,[10] by Sir Pierson Frank, for a three-span steel cantilever bridge 60 feet (18 m) in width, allowing two lanes of traffic in each direction, and designed to allow widening to 80 feet (24 m) if necessary.[10][19] The design featured distinctive low curves, intended to reflect the low riverbanks in the area.[20] The design was presented to the Royal Fine Art Commission for approval, with a covering note stating that "in the design of the bridge a severe simplicity of treatment has been carried out, expressed in a technique essentially related to the material proposed for its construction". Although the Commission expressed concern that it may prove too narrow, the design was approved.[21] The work was put out for tender, with a stipulation that all materials used in the construction of the new bridge should be of British origin or manufacture.[21]  The contract for the new bridge was awarded to Messrs Holloway Bros (London), and work began in 1937.[21] A temporary footbridge that had been used during the redevelopment of Chelsea Bridge between 1935 and 1937 was re-erected alongside Wandsworth Bridge, and the existing bridge demolished. The new bridge was expected to be complete in 1939; however, a shortage of steel in the build up to the Second World War delayed its opening until 25 September 1940.[20] The steel panels cladding the bridge were painted in shades of grey and blue to camouflage it from Luftwaffe air raids, a colour scheme it retains today.[17] [edit] Recent developmentsHistorically, the southern approach roads had been in poor condition and confusing to use. In 1969 the Greater London Council built the A214 road, a three-lane dual carriageway linking the southern end of Wandsworth Bridge to Tooting.[20] At the immediate southern end of the bridge is a large roundabout adjacent to Wandsworth Town railway station, where Bridgend Road (A217), York Road (A3205), Swandon Way (A217) and Trinity Road (A214) meet. The roundabout is a noted example of 1960s modernist design,[22] and served as the setting for parts of A Clockwork Orange in 1971.[20][22] Wandsworth Bridge is now one of the busiest bridges in London, carrying over 50,000 vehicles daily.[21] In 2007 approval was granted for a series of 40-foot (12 m) glass cone-shaped "flames", which will change colour with the tides, to be added to the deck, designed by architect Steven Lenczner.[3] The "flames" will be raised above the sightlines of drivers to avoid causing a distraction.[23][n 2] Wandsworth Bridge now marks the boundary above which speed limits on the Thames are enforced.[24] Between Wandsworth Bridge and the sea no speed limits are enforced on the river, while owing to the number of rowers using the upper reaches of the river, all of the Thames upstream of Wandsworth Bridge is subject to a strictly enforced speed limit of 8 knots (15 km/h).[24] [edit] Notes and references
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ↑ top of page ↑ | about thumbshots |
