Vitamin K
2 (menaquinone). In menaquinone the side chain is composed of a varying number of
isoprenoid residues.
Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) are a class of anticoagulants which, as their name indicates, act by inhibiting the action of vitamin K.
They can be teratogens.[1]
[edit] Coumarins
Coumarins are the most commonly used VKA, and sometimes the terms are used synonymously.
In medicine, the most commonly used VKA is warfarin.[2] The primary mechanism of warfarin is the inhibition of vitamin K epoxide reductase.
VKAs are also used as rodenticides.[3]
[edit] Other VKAs
Not all VKAs are coumarins. For example, fluindione is a VKA,[4] but not a coumarin.
Another example is phenindione.[5]
Many of the non-coumarin VKAs are 1,3-indandione derivatives.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Schaefer C, Hannemann D, Meister R, et al. (June 2006). "Vitamin K antagonists and pregnancy outcome. A multi-centre prospective study". Thromb. Haemost. 95 (6): 949–57. doi:10.1160/TH06-02-0108. PMID 16732373. http://www.schattauer.de/index.php?id=1268&pii=th06060949&no_cache=1.
- ^ Ansell J, Hirsh J, Hylek E, Jacobson A, Crowther M, Palareti G (June 2008). "Pharmacology and management of the vitamin K antagonists: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition)". Chest 133 (6 Suppl): 160S–198S. doi:10.1378/chest.08-0670. PMID 18574265. http://www.chestjournal.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=18574265.
- ^ Griminger P (July 1987). "Vitamin K antagonists: the first 50 years". J. Nutr. 117 (7): 1325–9. PMID 3302140. http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=3302140.
- ^ Mentré F, Pousset F, Comets E, et al. (January 1998). "Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis of fluindione in patients". Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 63 (1): 64–78. doi:10.1016/S0009-9236(98)90122-9. PMID 9465843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-9236(98)90122-9.
- ^ "Foreword: contemporary issues in the management and treatment of atrial fibrillation -- Agnelli 7 (2005): C3 -- European Heart Journal Supplements". http://eurheartjsupp.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/7/suppl_C/C3. Retrieved 2008-12-22.
| Antithrombotics (thrombolytics, anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs) (B01) | | | Antiplatelet drugs | | | | Anticoagulants | Vitamin K antagonists (inhibit II, VII, IX, X) | | | Factor Xa inhibitors (with some II inhibition) | | | low molecular weight heparin ( Bemiparin, Certoparin, Dalteparin, Enoxaparin, Nadroparin, Parnaparin, Reviparin, Tinzaparin) oligosaccharides (Fondaparinux, Idraparinux) heparinoid ( Danaparoid, Sulodexide, Dermatan sulfate) | | | | | | | | | | | | Other | | | | Thrombolytic drugs/
fibrinolytics | | | | Non-medicinal | | | | | |
