Venous thrombosis
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	I80.-I82.
ICD-9	453
MeSH	D020246

A venous thrombosis is a blood clot that forms within a vein. (Thrombosis is a specific medical term for a blood clot that remains in the place where it formed.)

Contents 1 Classification 2 Risk factors 3 Prevention 4 References 5 See also

[edit] Classification

Superficial venous thromboses can cause discomfort but generally do not cause serious consequences, unlike the deep venous thromboses (DVTs) that form in the deep veins of the legs or in the pelvic veins.

Since the veins return blood to the heart, if a piece of a blood clot formed in a vein breaks off it can be transported to the right side of the heart, and from there into the lungs. A piece of thrombus that is transported in this way is an embolism: the process of forming a thrombus that becomes embolic is called a thromboembolism. An embolism that lodges in the lungs is a pulmonary embolism (PE). A pulmonary embolus is a very serious condition that can be fatal if not recognized and treated promptly.

Systemic embolisms of venous origin can occur in patients with an atrial or ventricular septal defect, through which an embolus may pass into the arterial system. Such an event is termed a paradoxical embolism.

[edit] Risk factors

• General
  • Older age
  • Female sex
  • Smoking
  • Obesity
  • Pregnancy
  • Immobilization
  • Minor injuries^[1]

• Medical
  • Surgery
  • Trauma
  • Use of combined (containing both estrogen and progestin) forms of hormonal contraception
  • Varicose veins
  • Malignancy
  • Kidney disorders
  • Lupus anticoagulant
  • Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
  • Inflammatory bowel disease
  • Thromboangiitis obliterans (Mb Bürger)
  • Disseminated intravascular coagulation

• Familial
  • Antithrombin III deficiency
  • Protein C deficiency/Protein S deficiency
  • APC resistance (Factor V Leiden)
  • Dysfibrogenemia
  • Hypoplasminogenemia
  • Familial hyperhomocysteinemia

[edit] Prevention

Vitamin E may prevent venous thrombosis.^[2]

[edit] References

1. ^ Karlijn J. van Stralen, MSc; Frits R. Rosendaal, MD, PhD; Carine J. M. Doggen, PhD (January 14, 2008). "Minor Injuries as a Risk Factor for Venous Thrombosis". Arch Intern Med 168 No. 1: 21–26. doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2007.5. PMID 18195191. http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/short/168/1/21. 
2. ^ Glynn RJ, Ridker PM, Goldhaber SZ, Zee RY, Buring JE (2007). "Effects of random allocation to vitamin E supplementation on the occurrence of venous thromboembolism: report from the Women's Health Study". Circulation 116 (13): 1497–503. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.716407. PMID 17846285. 

[edit] See also

• Portal vein thrombosis
• Deep vein thrombosis
• Pulmonary embolism
• Arterial thrombosis
• Traveller's Thrombosis
• Plethysmography, a test to detect a venous thrombosis

v • d • e Cardiovascular disease: vascular disease · Circulatory system pathology (I70-I99, 440-456) Arteries, arterioles and capillaries Inflammation Arteritis (Aortitis) · Buerger's disease Arterial occlusive disease/ peripheral vascular disease Arteriosclerosis Atherosclerosis (Foam cell, Fatty streak, Atheroma, Intermittent claudication) · Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis · Arteriolosclerosis (Hyaline, Hyperplastic, oxycholesterol, cholesterol, LDL, trans fat) Stenosis Renal artery stenosis · Carotid artery stenosis Other Fibromuscular dysplasia · Degos disease · Aortoiliac occlusive disease · Raynaud's phenomenon/Raynaud's disease · Erythromelalgia Aneurysm/dissection/ pseudoaneurysm torso: Aortic aneurysm (Thoracic aortic aneurysm, Abdominal aortic aneurysm) · Aortic dissection · Coronary artery aneurysm head/neck: Cerebral aneurysm · Intracranial berry aneurysm · Carotid artery dissection · Vertebral artery dissection · Familial aortic dissection Vascular malformation Arteriovenous fistula · Telangiectasia (Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia) Vascular nevus Spider angioma · Halo nevus · Cherry hemangioma Veins Inflammation Phlebitis Venous thrombosis/ Thrombophlebitis primarily lower limb (Deep vein thrombosis) abdomen (May-Thurner syndrome, Portal vein thrombosis, Budd-Chiari syndrome, Renal vein thrombosis) upper limb/torso (Paget-Schroetter disease, Mondor's disease) head (Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis) Post-thrombotic syndrome Varicose veins Varicocele · Gastric varices · Portacaval anastomosis (Hemorrhoid, Esophageal varices, Caput medusae) Other Superior vena cava syndrome · Inferior vena cava syndrome · Venous ulcer · Chronic venous insufficiency · Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency Arteries or veins Vasculitis · Thrombosis · Embolism (Pulmonary embolism, Cholesterol embolism, Paradoxical embolism) · Angiopathy (Macroangiopathy, Microangiopathy) Blood pressure Hypertension Hypertensive heart disease · Hypertensive nephropathy · Essential hypertension  · Secondary hypertension (Renovascular hypertension) · Pulmonary hypertension · Malignant hypertension · Benign hypertension · Systolic hypertension · White coat hypertension Hypotension Orthostatic hypotension vascular navs: anat/physio/dev, noncongen/systemic vasculitis/congen/neoplasia, symptoms+signs/eponymous, proc