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Ηνωμένον Κράτος των Ιονίων Νήσων (el)
Enomenon Kratos ton Ionion Neson (el-Latn)
Stati Uniti delle Isole Ionie (it)
United States of the Ionian Islands
Amical protectorate of the United Kingdom
Flag of France.svg
1815–1864 Flag of Greece (1828-1978).svg

Flag of Ionian Islands

Flag

Location of Ionian Islands
The Republic's territory extended to the six main islands plus the smaller islets of the Ionian Sea
Capital Corfù
Language(s) Greek, Italian in some circumstances
Religion Greek Orthodox
Government Republic
Legislature Parliament
 - Upper house Senate
 - Lower house Legislative Assembly
Historical era 19th century
 - Congress of Vienna 9 June 1815 (signed)
 - Protectorate established 9 November 1815 1815
 - Constitution 26 August 1817
 - Treaty of London 29 March 1864
 - Gifted to Greece 28 May 1864 1864
Area
 - 1864 2,659 km2 (1,027 sq mi)
Population
 - 1864 est. 236,000 
     Density 88.8 /km2  (229.9 /sq mi)
Currency Obol (1818–33)
Greek lepton (1833–64)
References: Capital city[1]; languages[2][3]; area and population[4].

The United States of the Ionian Islands (Greek: Ηνωμένον Κράτος των Ιονίων Νήσων, Enomenon Kratos ton Ionion Neson; Italian: Stati Uniti delle Isole Ionie) was a former state and amical protectorate of the United Kingdom between 1815 and 1864. It is located in modern Greece, to whom it was ceded as a gift of the United Kingdom to the newly enthroned King George I[5] , at the end of the protectorate.

Contents

[edit] History

Prior to the French Revolutionary Wars, the Ionian Islands had been part of the Republic of Venice. With the dissolution of that polity under the 1797 Treaty of Campo Formio, it was annexed into the French Republic. Between 1798 and 1799, the French were driven out by a joint Russo-Turkish force. The occupying forces founded the Septinsular Republic, which lasted from 1800 until 1807.

The Ionian Islands were then re-annexed by the French into the Illyrian Provinces. In 1809, the United Kingdom defeated the French fleet off Zakynthos on 2 October, and captured Kefalonia, Kythira, and Zakynthos. The British took Lefkada in 1810. Corfu remained under French rule until 1814.

The Congress of Vienna agreed to place the Ionian Islands under the exclusive "amical protection" of the United Kingdom. Despite British military administration, the Austrian Empire was guaranteed commercial status equal to the UK. The arrangement was solidifed with the ratification of the "Maitland constitution" on 26 August 1817, which created a federation of the seven islands, with Sir Thomas Maitland its first High Commissioner.

On 29 March 1864, the United Kingdom, Greece, France, and Russia signed the Treaty of London, pledging the transfer of sovereignty to Greece upon ratification; this was meant to bolster the reign of the newly-installed King George I of Greece. Thus, on 28 May, by proclamation of the Lord High Commissioner, the Ionian Islands were united with Greece.[6]

[edit] States

As its name suggests, United States of the Ionian Islands was a federation. It included seven island states:

State Capital Members elected
Corfù Corfù 7
Cephalonia Argostoli 7
Cerigo Kythira 1 or 2[7]
Ithaca Vathy 1 or 2[7]
Paxò Gaios 1 or 2[7]
Santa Maura Lefkada 4
Zante Zakynthos 7

[edit] Government

The government was organised under the leadership of a Lord High Commissioner, appointed by the British monarch on the advice of the British government. In total, ten men served in this capacity, including William Gladstone as a Lord High Commissioner Extraordinary.

The Ionian Islands had a bicameral legislature, titled the 'Parliament of the United States of the Ionian Islands' and composed of the Legislative Assembly and the Senate.[8]

[edit] See also

[edit] Footnotes

  1. ^ Constitution of the Ionian Islands, Article II
  2. ^ Constitution of the Ionian Islands, Article IV
  3. ^ Constitution of the Ionian Islands, Article V
  4. ^ "Treaty of London". Greek Ministry for Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 2005-03-08. http://web.archive.org/web/20050308000116/http://www.mfa.gr/greek/the_ministry/eny/1864_london_treaty.doc. Retrieved 2006-07-21. 
  5. ^ The Times (London) 8 June 1863 p. 12 col. C
  6. ^ Hertslet, Edward (PDF). The map of Europe by treaty. p. 1609. http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k960368/f31. Retrieved 2006-07-21. 
  7. ^ a b c Cerigo, Ithaca, and Paxos each elected one member, but the three elected a second member in rotation. Constitution of the Ionian Islands, Article VI
  8. ^ Constitution of the Ionian Islands, Article VII

[edit] References




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