United States National Security Council
Agency overview
Formed	1947
Agency executives	Barack Obama, Chairman, President of the United States Vice President of the United States, Secretary of State, Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary of Defense, National Security Advisor, Others as necessary
Parent agency	Executive Office of the President of the United States
Website
NSC Website

President Barack Obama at a NSC Meeting in the Situation Room. Participants include Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, Defense Secretary Robert Gates, Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Gen. James Cartwright, DNI Dennis Blair, White House Counsel Greg Craig, CIA Director Leon Panetta, Deputy National Security Adviser Tom Donilon, NSC Advisor Gen. James "Jim" Jones, and Chief of Staff Rahm Emanuel

The White House National Security Council (NSC) in the United States is the principal forum used by the President for considering national security and foreign policy matters with his senior national security advisors and Cabinet officials and is part of the Executive Office of the President of the United States. Since its inception under President Harry S. Truman, the function of the Council has been to advise and assist the President on national security and foreign policies. The Council also serves as the President's principal arm for coordinating these policies among various government agencies. The U.S. Council has counterparts in the national security councils of many other nations.

[edit] History

The National Security Council was created in 1947 by the National Security Act. It was created because policymakers felt that the diplomacy of the State Department was no longer adequate to contain the USSR in light of the tension between the Soviet Union and the United States.^[1] The intent was to ensure coordination and concurrence among the Navy, Army, Air Force and other instruments of national security policy (such as the Central Intelligence Agency, or CIA, also created in the National Security Act).

On May 26th, 2009, President Obama merged the White House staff supporting the Homeland Security Council (HSC) and the National Security Council into one National Security Staff (NSS). The HSC and NSC each continue to exist by statute as bodies supporting the President.^[2]

The decision process inside the structure has become less and less formal, but influence of the Council has become stronger and stronger. Detailed history of the National Security Council under each Presidential administration since its inception can be found at:

• History
  • 1947-1953
  • 1953-1961
  • 1961-1963
  • 1963-1969
  • 1969-1974
  • 1974-1977
  • 1977-1981
  • 1981-1989
  • 1989-1992
  • 1993-2003

[edit] Membership

The National Security Council is chaired by the President. Its regular attendees (both statutory and non-statutory) are the Vice President, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Defense, and the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs (or National Security Advisor). The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is the statutory military advisor to the Council, and the Director of National Intelligence is the intelligence advisor. The Chief of Staff to the President, Counsel to the President, and the Assistant to the President for Economic Policy are also invited to attend any NSC meeting. The Attorney General and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget are invited to attend meetings pertaining to their responsibilities. The heads of other executive departments and agencies, as well as other senior officials, are invited to attend meetings of the NSC when appropriate.

[edit] Staff

• National Security Advisor: James L. Jones
  • Deputy National Security Advisor: Thomas E. Donilon
  • Deputy National Security Advisor for Strategic Communications: Denis McDonough
    • Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism: John O. Brennan
    • Special Assistant to the President and Senior Adviser and Coordinator for Afghanistan-Pakistan: Douglas Lute

• Chief of Staff: Mark Lippert
• Secretary to the Council:
  • Senior Director for Council: Gayle Smith
  • Senior Director for the Central Region: Dennis Ross
  • Senior Director for South Asia: Don Camp
  • Senior Director for Near East and North Africa: Daniel B. Shapiro
  • Senior Director for the Gulf States, Iran and Iraq: Puneet Talwar
  • Senior Director for Asia: Jeffrey Bader
  • Senior Director for Latin America: Dan Restrepo
  • Senior Director for Africa: Michelle Gavin
  • Senior Director for Europe: Elizabeth Sherwood-Randall
  • Senior Director for Russia and Eurasian Affair: Michael McFaul
  • Senior Director for Defense: Barry Pavel
  • Senior Director for Non-Proliferation: Dan Poneman
  • Senior Director for Multilateral Affairs: Samantha Power
  • Senior Director for Development and Sustainable Security: Vacant
  • Senior advisor on Strategic Planning: Mary Carlin Yates
  • Spokesman: Michael Hammer
  • Coordinator of the U.S. Office for the Prevention of WMD Proliferation and Terrorism: Gary Samore

[edit] Authority

The National Security Council was established by the National Security Act of 1947 (PL 235 - 61 Stat. 496; U.S.C. 402), amended by the National Security Act Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 579; 50 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). Later in 1949, as part of the Reorganization Plan, the Council was placed in the Executive Office of the President.

[edit] Further reading

• Ivo H. Daalder and I.M. Destler, In the Shadow of the Oval Office: Profiles of the National Security Advisers and the Presidents They Served--From JFK to George W. Bush Simon & Schuster; 2009, ISBN 978-1416553199.
• Karl F. Inderfurth and Loch K. Johnson, eds. "Fateful Decisions: Inside the National Security Council." Oxford University Press, 2004. ISBN 978-0195159660.
• David J. Rothkopf, Running The World: the Inside Story of the National Security Council and the Architects of American Power, PublicAffairs; 2006, ISBN 978-1586484231.
• Journey to the Center of the World: U.S. National Security Council - Arzın Merkezine Seyahat: ABD Ulusal Güvenlik Konseyi - Article on US NSC in Turkish
• Cody M. Brown, The National Security Council: A Legal History of the President's Most Powerful Advisers, Project on National Security Reform (2008).

[edit] See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: National Security Council

• National Coordinator for Security, Infrastructure Protection and Counter-Terrorism
• National Security Medal
• Iran Contra
• Tower Commission

[edit] References

• NSC page at the White House website
• Story on the NSC in Foreign Policy journal.

[edit] External links

• Official National Security Council website
• Records of the National Security Council (NSC) in the National Archives
• White House Office, National Security Council Staff Papers, 1948-1961, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library
• Homeland Security Watch (www.HLSwatch.com) provides current details on the NSC as it pertains to homeland security.

v • d • e Executive Office of the President of the United States Council of Economic Advisers · Council on Environmental Quality · Domestic Policy Council · National Economic Council · National Security Council · Office of Administration · Office of Management and Budget · United States Office of National AIDS Policy · Office of National Drug Control Policy · Office of Science and Technology Policy · Office of the United States Trade Representative · President's Economic Recovery Advisory Board · President's Intelligence Advisory Board · Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board · White House Military Office · White House Office · Office of the Vice President