Ancient Egyptian History
Dynasties of Ancient Egypt
Predynastic Egypt Predynastic Egypt Protodynastic Period Early Dynastic 1st Dynasty 2nd Dynasty 3rd Dynasty Old Kingdom 4th Dynasty 5th Dynasty 6th Dynasty First Intermediate 7th Dynasty 8th Dynasty 9th Dynasty 10th Dynasty 11th Dynasty (Thebes only) Middle Kingdom 11th Dynasty (All Egypt) 12th Dynasty 13th Dynasty 14th Dynasty Second Intermediate 15th Dynasty 16th Dynasty 17th Dynasty New Kingdom 18th 19th 20th Third Intermediate 21st 22nd 23rd 24th 25th Late Period 26th 27th (First Persian Period) 28th 29th 30th 31st (Second Persian Period) Greek-Roman Alexander the Great Ptolemaic dynasty Roman Egypt Arab Conquest
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Nepherites I founded the Twenty-ninth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (according to an account preserved in a papyrus in the Brooklyn Museum) by defeating Amyrtaeus in open battle, and later putting him to death at Memphis. Nepherites made his capital at Mendes. This brief dynasty is often considered part of the Late Period.

On Nepherites' death, two rival factions fought for the throne: one behind his son Muthis, and the other supporting an usurper Psammuthes; although Psammuthes was successful, he only managed to reign for a year.

Twenty-Ninth Dynasty

Name	Dates
Nepherites I	398 - 393 BC
Psammuthes	393 BC
Hakor (Achoris)	393 - 380 BC
Nepherites II	380 BC

Psammuthes was overthrown by Hakor, who claimed to be the grandson of Nepherites I. He successfully resisted Persian attempts to reconquer Egypt, drawing support from Athens (until the Peace of Antalcidas in 386 BC), and from the rebel king of Cyprus, Evagoras. Although his son Nepherites II became king on his death, the younger Nepherites was unable to keep hold on his inheritance.

[edit] References

• Clarysse, Willy (1974), "Nephorites, Founder of the 29th Dynasty and His Name", Chronique d’Égypte: Bulletin périodique de la Fondation égyptologique reine Élisabeth 69: 215–217 .
• Lloyd, Alan Brian (2000), "The Late Period (664–332 BC)", in Shaw, Ian, The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 369–394 .
• Myśliwiec, Karol (2000), The Twilight of Ancient Egypt: First Millennium B.C.E., Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press . Translated by David Lorton.
• Ray, John D. (1986), "Psammuthis and Hakoris", Journal of Egyptian Archæology 72: 149–158 .
• Traunecker, Claude (1979), "Essai sur l’histoire de la XXIXe dynastie", Bulletin de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale 79: 395–436, http://www.ifao.egnet.net/doc/PubEnLigne/BIFAO/b.php?f=Bifao079_art_24.pdf .