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Transport infrastructure within Ethiopia is generally good, especially in the north, west, central and south of the country. Most of the roads and railways are now under construction, and will be done between 2011 and 2014.
[edit] RailwaysFurther information: Ethio-Djibouti Railways See also: Imperial Railway Company of Ethiopia   total:
[edit] Railway links to adjacent countries
[edit] Ethiopian cities served by railMain article: Railway stations in Ethiopia [edit] Existing[edit] ProposedSeveral never-built lines were proposed by the Italians after their conquest of Ethiopia in 1935. This was the nearest they have ever got to having a railway system to date. As Director of the Ethiopian Railway Corp, Dr. Getachew Betru, he has been charged by the country’s government with planning and developing a 5 000 km standard-gauge rail network over the next seven years. Through his business at GBA Consultancy, Dr Betru has been campaigning to improve Ethiopia’s railways since 2004. Whilst there is still not much evidence on the ground, his efforts did result in the appointment in May 2007 of a technical advisory group to prepare ‘an indicative framework on national railway development’. This in turn led to establishment of ERC in November 2007 as a subsidiary of the Ministry of Transport & Communications. With a paid-up capital of US$750m, ERC was given the remit to design and build both a national railway and an urban light rail network in Addis Abeba. The national network is intends to support Ethiopia’s agricultural sector, handling export grain and livestock as well as providing ‘high speed, high capacity, competitive and affordable’ transport for passengers. The railway would be electrified throughout and powered from hydroelectric resources - the indefatigable Dr Betru is also a board member at the Ethiopian Electric Power Corp. With limited resources and expertise of its own, ERC is dependent on external assistance, so it is not surprising to hear that a steady stream of consultants and contractors has been knocking on Dr Betru’s door. Amongst the latest to express interest is India’s Overseas Investment Alliance, which has been supplying electrical transmission and distribution systems to EEPCo under a 2006 agreement worth US$65m. OIA also signed an agreement in May with the government of Djibouti to undertake feasibility studies for a standard-gauge link into the region’s main port. Meanwhile, work is underway to revitalise the 781 km metre-gauge Djibouti-Ethiopian Railway. Services on the western end of the route to Addis Abeba have been suspended, so that Costa of Italy and Ineco-SPT of Spain can press on with an 18-month infrastructure renewal programme funded by a €50m grant from the European Union. According to CDE General Manager, To’om Terie, this should allow the line to carry around 10 trains per day. Work is currently in progress around Metahara, where embankments are being strengthened and new bridges built. Around 25 000 concrete sleepers are being laid to replace steel, and the remaining 20 kg/m rail is being replaced by 40 kg/m on about a third of the route. However, the project is reportedly running three months behind schedule after claims that some of the track alignments had been miscalculated. But the urgency of the upgrading has been emphasised by a string of derailments between Dire Dawa and Djibouti, where the trains are still operating, carrying fruit and vegetables, coffee and livestock for export and returning with construction materials. At the end of July a Djibouti-bound freight train carrying 1 000 tonnes of export coffee and livestock left the rails, killing 13 nomads who were apparently riding for free and injuring a further 20 people including the train crew. [edit] 2009In september ERC signed a deal with China Railway Engineering Corporation for it to build the new Addis Ababa light railway transit. [edit] 2008A concrete sleeper plant has also been built at Dire Dawa [edit] 2006
[edit] HistoryIn French.[3] [edit] HighwaysAs the first part of a 10-year Road Sector Development Program, between 1997 and 2002 the Ethiopian government began a sustained effort to improve its infrastructure of roads. As a result, as of 2002 Ethiopia has a total (Federal and Regional) 33,297 km of roads, both paved and gravel. The share of Federally managed roads in good quality improved from 14% in 1995 to 31% in 2002 as a result of this program, and to 89% in 2009 [4][unreliable source?]the road density increased from 21 km per 1000 km2 (in 1995) to 889 km; per 1000 km2 (in 2009) however, this is much over than the average of 50 km per 1000 km2 for Africa.[5] The Ethiopian government has begun second part of the Road Sector Development Program, which is scheduled for completion in 2007. This will involve the upgrading or construction of over 7,500 km of roads, with the goal of improving the average road density for Ethiopia to 35 km per 1000 km2, and reduce the proportion of the country area that is more than 5 km from an all-weather road from 75% to 70%.[6] As of 2006, Ethiopia only had one expressway-the Addis Ababa Ring Road. This is a four-lane limited-access, divided highway, forming a beltway around the capital. Some portions are still yet to be completed. The majority of its interchanges consist of roundabouts. Pedestrian bridges were constructed every kilometer, to reduce the risk of accidents. While not built to expressway standards, many roads in Addis Ababa and other cities can be considered dual carriageways and have up to 4 lanes in each direction with hardly any junctions. But the Ethiopian Roads Authority and China Communications Construction Consultancy is going to build a new 6-line expressway between Addis Ababa and Adama. The expressway will be 80 km long, will shorten the Addis to Adama distance by 20 km. To bulid this expressway costs Ethiopia 350 million US-dollar. The expressway will begin at Ayat, Addis Ababa and end in north part of Adama. 150 km/h is the limited speed at the expressway, the journey will take about 30-40 minutes. The expressway will be done in 2014. [7] [8][unreliable source?] Ethiopia has spent over 600 billion birr ($50 billion,€30 billion) in infrastructure since 1990 according to the Ethiopian government.
Major roads include: [edit] Ports and harboursNone. Ethiopia is landlocked and was by agreement with Eritrea using the ports of Asseb and Massawa; since the Eritrean-Ethiopian War, Ethiopia has used the port of Djibouti for nearly all of its imports. Only one river, the Baro is used for transport. [edit] Merchant marinetotal: 12 ships (with a volume of 1,000 gross register tons (GRT) or over) totaling 84,915 GRT/112,634 metric tons deadweight (DWT) (1999 est.); 9 ships (with a volume of 1,000 GRT or over) 81,933 GRT/101,287 DWT (2003 est.) [edit] AirportsThere were an estimated 84 airports in 2005, only 14 of which had paved runways as of 2005. The Addis Ababa airport handles international jet transportation. Before the civil war, the national carrier, Ethiopian Airlines, flew to numerous African, Asian, and European cities, and had sole rights on domestic air traffic. In 2003, about 1.147 million passengers were carried on domestic and international flights. [edit] Airports - with paved runwaystotal: 14 [edit] Airports - with unpaved runwaystotal: 68 [edit] See also[edit] Notes
[edit] External links
[edit] Further reading
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