[edit] January January 7 - The Irish Republic ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty.
[edit] February February 6 - The Washington Naval Treaty is signed by the United States, United Kingdom, France, Japan and Italy.
April 3 - Joseph Stalin is appointed General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party.
June 8 - The Irish Civil War begins between treaty and anti-treaty forces.
[edit] September September 18 - Hungary joins the League of Nations.
[edit] October October 28 - Fascists take control of the Italian government with Benito Mussolini as the prime minister.
[edit] November November 1 - The Ottoman Empire is abolished.
[edit] December December 6 - The Anglo-Irish Treaty goes into effect making Republic of Ireland independent from the United Kingdom.
December 30 - Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and Transcaucasia come together to form the Soviet Union.
[edit] January January 11 - France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area in order to force Germany to make reparation payments.
July 24 - The Treaty of Lausanne, settling the boundaries of modern Turkey, is signed in Switzerland by Greece, Bulgaria and other countries that fought in the First World War.
[edit] October October 29 - Turkey becomes a Republic following the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire.
[edit] November November 8 - The Beer Hall Putsch takes place, in which Adolf Hitler unsuccessfully leads the Nazis to overthrow the current German government. It is crushed by police the next day.
[edit] January January 21 - Vladimir Lenin dies, and Joseph Stalin begins purging rivals to clear his way for leadership.
[edit] February February 1 - The Soviet Union recognizes the United Kingdom.
April 1 - Adolf Hitler is sentenced to 5 years in jail for his participation in the Beer Hall Putsch (he serves only 9 months).
April 6 - Fascists win elections in Italy with a 2/3 majority.
June 10 - Italian Fascists kidnap and kill socialist leader Giacomo Matteotti in Rome.
[edit] August August 18 - France begins withdrawing its troops from Germany.
[edit] January January 3 - Benito Mussolini announces he is taking dictatorial power over Italy.
July 18 Mein Kampf, Hitler's autobiography is published. [edit] December December 1 - The Locarno Treaties are signed by the World War I Western European allies and the new central and eastern nations.
[edit] January January 3 - Theodoros Pangalos declares himself dictator of Greece.
January 31 - British and Belgian troops leave Cologne, Germany.
[edit] February February 25 - Francisco Franco becomes General of Spain.
April 4 - Greek dictator Theodoros Pangalos is elected president.
April 24 - The Treaty of Berlin is signed by Germany and the Soviet Union, which declares neutrality if either country is attacked within the next five years.
[edit] September September 11 - Spain leaves the League of Nations.
[edit] January January 19 - The United Kingdom sends troops to the Republic of China.
[edit] February February 12 - The first British troops arrive in Shanghai.
February 19 - There is a general strike in Shanghai protesting British presence.
March 10 - Albania mobilizes in case of an attack of Yugoslavia.
Apri 12 - The Chinese Civil War begins between nationalists and communists.
May 20 - Saudi Arabia becomes independent from the United Kingdom.
May 24 - The United Kingdom severs diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union.
June 4 - Yugoslavia severs diplomatic relations with Albania.
June 7 - Peter Voikov, Soviet ambassador to Warsaw, is assasinated.
[edit] November November 12 - Leon Trotsky is expelled from the Soviet Communist Party, leaving Joseph Stalin with undisputed control of the Soviet Union.
May 3 - The Jinan Incident begins, between the Republic of China and Japan.
June 4 - The Huanggutun Incident occurs, in which Japanese agents assassinate the Republic of China's President Zhang Zuolin.
July 25 - The United States recalls its troops from China.
[edit] August August 2 - Italy and Ethiopia sign the Italo-Ethiopian Treaty.
August 27 - The Kellogg-Briand Pact is signed in Paris by the major powers of the world. The treaty outlaws aggressive warfare.
[edit] February February 9 - The Litvinov Protocol is signed in Moscow by the Soviet Union, Poland, Estonia, Romania and Latvia.
February 11 - Italy and Vatican City sign the Lateran Treaty.
March 28 - Japan withdraws troops from the Republic of China ending the Jinan Incident.
April 3 - Persia signs the Litvinov Protocol.
June 7 - The Lateran Treaty is ratified, making the Vatican a sovereign state.
July 24 - The Kellogg-Briand Pact goes into effect.
[edit] October October 24 - The Great Depression begins.
April 22 - The United Kingdom, United States, Italy and Japan sign the London Naval Treaty regulating submarine warfare and shipbuilding.
June 30 - France withdraws its remaining troops from the Rhineland.
[edit] September September 19 - Japan invades the Republic of China region, Manchuria. This is the beginning of minor fighting in the Second Sino-Japanese War.
[edit] January January 7 - The Stimson Doctrine is proclaimed by United States Secretary of State Henry L. Stimson in response to Japan invading Manchuria.
January 28 - The January 28 Incident between the Republic of China and Japan occurs with fighting around Shanghai.
[edit] February February 2 - The League of Nations recommends negotiations between the Republic of China and Japan.
February 4 - Japan occupies Harbin, China.
February 11 - Pope Pius XI meets Benito Mussolini in Vatican City.
February 25 - Adolf Hitler obtains German citizenship.
February 27 - Japan takes control of Manchuria from the Republic of China.
March 18 - Peace negotiations begin
April 10 - Paul Von Hindenburg is elected President of Germany.
May 15 - Japanese troops leave Shanghai.
May 30 - German chancellor Heinrich Brüning resigns. President Hindenburg asks Franz von Papen to form a new government.
[edit] August August 30 - Hermann Göring is elected as chairman of the German Senate.
[edit] November November 21 - Paul Von Hindenburg begins talking to Adolf Hitler about forming a new government.
[edit] December December 3 - Hindenburg names Kurt von Schleicher as the German Chancellor.
[edit] January January 30 - Nazi leader Adolf Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany by President Paul Von Hindenburg.
[edit] February February 1 - Hitler gives his "Proclamation to the German People" in Berlin.
February 27 - Germany's parliament building the Reichstag is set on fire (see Reichstag Fire).
February 28 - The Reichstag Fire Decree is passed, nullifying several German civil liberties.
March 4 - Franklin Delano Roosevelt is inagurated as President of the United States.
March 20 - Germany's first concentration camp, Dachau, is completed.
March 23 - The Reichstag passes the Enabling Act, making Adolf Hitler dictator of Germany.
March 24 - Foreign Jews call for a boycott of Imported German goods.
March 27 - Japan leaves the League of Nations.
April 1 - The recently elected Nazis start a one-day boycott of Jewish businesses.
April 26 - The Gestapo is established in Germany.
May 2 - Hitler outlaws trade unions.
May 10 - Nazis start massive public book burnings.
June 21 - All non-Nazi parties are banned in Germany.
July 14 The Nazi party becomes an official party of Germany. [edit] October October 17 - Albert Einstein arrives in the United States of America as a refugee from Nazi Germany.
October 19 - Germany leaves the League of Nations.
[edit] January January 26 - Germany and Poland sign the 10 year German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact.
March 1 - Japan renames Manchuria Manchukuo.
March 20 - All German police forces come under the command of Heinrich Himler.
June 30 - The Night of Long Knives occurs, in which Germany executes most members of the Sturmabteilung (SA).
July 25 - Austrian Nazis assassinate Engelbert Dollfuss during a failed coup attempt.
[edit] August August 2 - Adolf Hitler becomes Führer of Germany, becoming Head of State as well as Chancellor.
August 8 - The Wehrmacht swears a personal oath of loyalty to Hitler.
[edit] September - The Soviet Union joins the League of Nations.
[edit] December December 5 - The Abyssinia Crisis occurs, in which Italian and Ethiopian troops exchange fire.
December 29 - Japan renounces the Washington Naval Treaty and the London Naval Treaty.
March 21 - Persia is renamed Iran.
June 18 - The Anglo-German Naval Agreement is signed by Germany and the United Kingdom to limit the size of their navies.
[edit] October October 2 - Italy invades Ethiopia, beginning the Second Italo–Abyssinian War.
March 7 - In violation of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany reoccupies the Rhineland.
May 5 - Italian forces occupy Addis Ababa in East Africa.
May 7 - Italy annexes Ethiopia.
July 18 - The Spanish Civil War begins when nationalist forces led by Francisco Franco rise against the current government.
[edit] October October 25 - Rome-Berlin Axis is formed.
[edit] November November 26 - The Anti-Comintern Pact is signed by Japan and Italy.
[edit] December December 1 - Hitler makes it mandatory for all males between the ages 10-18 to join the Hitler Youth.
December 12 - The Chinese Civil War temporarily ends, so the two sides can prepare for a full-scale war with Japan.
July 7 - The Marco Polo Bridge Incident occurs, which most historians regard as the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War.
[edit] August August 13 - The Battle of Shanghai begins between Japan and China.
[edit] September September 1 - The Battle of Taiyuan begins between China and Japan.
[edit] November November 9 - Japan wins the Battle of Taiyuan.
November 26 - The Battle of Shanghai ends in Japanese victory.
[edit] December December 11 - Italy leaves the League of Nations.
March 13 - Austria leaves the League of Nations.
July 29 - The Soviet-Japanese Border Wars begins with the Battle of Lake Khasan.
[edit] August - Soviet Union wins the Battle of Khasan against Japan.
[edit] September September 30 - The Munich Agreement is signed.
[edit] December December 6 - The German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop visits Paris, where he is allegedly informed by the French Foreign Minister Georges Bonnet that France now recognizes all of Eastern Europe as Germany’s exclusive sphere of influence. Bonnet's alleged statement (Bonnet always denied making the remark) to Ribbentrop was to be a major factor in German policy in 1939.
[edit] January January 23 - The British government is in the grip of the “Dutch War Scare”. Admiral Wilhelm Canaris of the Abwehr leaks misinformation to the effect that Germany planned to invade the Netherlands in February with the aim of using Dutch air-fields to launch a strategic bombing offensive against Britain. The “Dutch War Scare” leads to a major change in British policies towards Europe.
January 26 - Spanish nationalist forces aided by Italy take Barcelona.
January 27 - Adolf Hitler orders Plan Z, a 5-year naval expansion programme intended to provide for a huge German fleet capable of crushing the Royal Navy by 1944. The Kriegsmarine is given the first priority on the allotment of German economic resources. This is the first and only time the Kriegsmarine is given the first priority in the history of the Third Reich.
[edit] February February 6 - In response to the "Dutch War Scare", the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain states in the House of Commons that any German attack on France would be automatically considered an attack on Britain.
March 14 - The pro-German Slovak Republic is created with Jozef Tiso as its first prime minister.
March 15 - The German Army invades Czechoslovakia. They take control of it.
- Germany establishes the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. The protectorate includes those portions of Czechoslovakia not incorporated into Germany, Poland, Hungary, or the new Slovak Republic.
March 17 - Neville Chamberlain gives a speech in Birmingham stating Britain will oppose any German effort to dominate the world.
March 18 - The beginning of the “Romanian War Scare” when Virgil Tilea, the Romanian Minister in London spreads false rumours that Romania was under the verge of a German attack.
March 20 - German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop delivers an oral ultimatum to Lithuania, demanding that it return the Klaipėda Region.
- At an emergency meeting in London to deal with the Romanian crisis, the French Foreign Minister Georges Bonnet suggests to Lord Halifax that the ideal state for saving Romania from a German attack is Poland.
March 21 - Adolf Hitler demands return of the Free City of Danzig to Germany.
March 31 - The United Kingdom and France offer the "guarantee" of Polish independence.
April 1 - The Spanish Civil War ends with nationalist troops winning. Spain becomes a fascist state with Francisco Franco as the head of the new government.
April 3 - Adolf Hitler orders the German military to start planning for Fall Weiss, the codename for the attack on Poland to be launched on August 25, 1939.
April 7 - Italy invades Albania.
April 11 - Hungary leaves the League of Nations.
April 12 - Albania surrenders to Italy.
April 13 - The United Kingdom and France pledge to support Romania and Greece.
April 14 - Hungary leaves the League of Nations.
April 18 - The Soviet Union proposes a triple alliance with the United Kingdom and France. The British and French agree to take up the offer.
April 28 - In a speech before the Reichstag, Adolf Hitler renounces the Anglo-German Naval Agreement and the German–Polish Non-Aggression Pact
May 3 - Vyacheslav Molotov succeeds Maxim Litvinov as Soviet Foreign Commissar.
May 6 - Carl Friedrich Goerdeler tells the British government that the German and Soviet governments are secretly beginning a rapprochement with the aim of dividing Eastern Europe between them. Goerdeler also informs the British of German economic problems which he states were threatening the survival of the Nazi regime, and advises that if a firm stand is made for Poland, then Hitler would be deterred from war.
May 11 - Battle of Khalkhin Gol begins with Japan and Manchukuo against the Soviet Union and Mongolia.
May 17 - Sweden, Norway, and Finland reject Germany's offer of non-aggression pacts.
May 22 - The Pact of Steel, known formally as the Pact of Friendship and Alliance between Germany and Italy, is signed. It is an agreement between Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, by the foreign ministers of each country and witnessed by Count Galeazzo Ciano for Italy and Joachim von Ribbentrop for Germany.
June 14, - The Tientsin Incident occurs, in which the Japanese blockade the British concession in the North China Treaty Port of Tientsin.
July 10 - Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain reaffirms support for Poland and makes it clear that Britain did not view Free City of Danzig as being an internal German-Polish affair and would intervene on behalf of Poland if hostilities broke out between the two countries.
[edit] August August 23 - The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact is signed between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, with secret provisions for the division of Eastern Europe - joint occupation of Poland and Soviet occupation of the Baltic States, Finland and Bessarabia. This protocol gives Hitler the green light for his invasion of Poland, which begins on September 1.
August 25 - In response to a message from Benito Mussolini that Italy would not honor the Pact of Steel if Germany attacked Poland in 1939, Hitler delays the launch of Fall Weiss by five days to provide more time to secure British and French neutrality.
[edit] See also [edit] External links |
