This is a historical timeline of Portugal. [edit] First Dynasty: Burgundy [edit] 12th century - 1128, July 24 – Count Afonso Henriques defeats his mother, Theresa, Countess of Portugal, in the Battle of São Mamede and becomes sole ruler (Dux - Duke) after demands for independence from the county's people, church and nobles.
- 1129 - April 6, Afonso Henriques proclaims himself Prince of Portugal.
- 1130
- 1135
- 1137
- 1139
- 1140
- 1142 - King Afonso I of Portugal retakes Leiria from the Moors and the town receives its foral (compilation of feudal rights) to stimulate the colonisation of the area.
- 1143
- 1144
- 1145 - The Taifa of Badajoz again becomes independent and conquers the Taifa of Mértola.
- 1146
- 1147
- March, King Afonso I of Portugal takes the Taifa of Santarém in a surprise attack.
- May 19, A fleet of almost 200 ships of crusaders (Second Crusade) leaves from Dartmouth in England, consisting of Flemish, Frisian, Norman, English, Scottish, and some German crusaders. The fleet was commanded by Arnold III of Aerschot (nephew of Godfrey of Louvain) Christian of Ghistelles, Henry Glanville (constable of Suffolk), Simon of Dover, Andrew of London, and Saher of Archelle.
- June 16, The crusaders fleet arrives at the northern city of Porto, and are convinced by the bishop, Pedro II Pitões, to continue to Lisbon.
- July 1, The Siege of Lisbon begins, after the armies of King Afonso I of Portugal were joined by the crusaders.
- October 21, The Moorish rulers of Lisbon agree to surrender to King Afonso I of Portugal, basically due to the hunger that was felt inside the city walls. The terms of surrender indicated that the Muslim garrison of the city would be allowed to flee.
- October 25, The city of Lisbon opens its doors to the Christian armies. As soon as the Christians enter the city the terms of surrender were broken. The Muslims were killed, and the city was thoroughly plundered before King Afonso I of Portugal finally was able to stop the onslaught.
- The towns of Almada and Palmela, just south of Lisbon, are taken from the Moors.
- King Afonso I of Portugal orders the construction of the church and monastery of Church of São Vicente de Fora (St. Vincent outside the Walls), in Lisbon, in honour of St. Vincent the Deacon.
- 1148 - Some of the crusaders that had helped King Afonso I of Portugal conquer Lisbon settle in the newly captured city, and Gilbert of Hastings is elected bishop of the renovated Diocese of Lisbon, but most of the crusaders' fleet continues to the east.
- 1149 - A new Berber dynasty, the Almohad, led by Emir Abd al-Mu'min al-Kumi conquers North Africa to the Almoravids and soon invade the Iberian Peninsula.
- 1150 - The Taifas of Badajoz and of Beja and Évora are taken by the Almohads.
- 1151
- 1152 - The Cistercians build the Monastery of St. John in Tarouca
- 1153 - The Cistercians build the Monastery of Alcobaça.
- 1155 - The Taifa of Silves is taken by the Almohads.
- 1154 - Sancho, son of King Afonso I of Portugal and future King of Portugal is born.
- 1158 - King Afonso I of Portugal conquers Alcácer do Sal from the Moors.
- 1159
- 1160 - The city of Tomar is founded by Gualdim Pais.
- 1161 - Évora, Beja and Alcácer do Sal are retaken by the Moors.
- 1162 - King Afonso I of Portugal retakes Beja from the Moors.
- 1163 - The Almohad Caliph Abd al-Mu'min al-Kumi dies and is succeeded by Abu Ya'qub Yusuf I.
- 1165
- 1166 - The Portuguese armies take Serpa and Moura (in Alentejo) from the Moors.
- 1168 - Portuguese frontiersman Geraldo the Fearless goes into the territory of Badajoz.
- 1169
- 1170 - The Almohads transfer their capital to Seville.
- 1174 – The kingdom of Aragon recognizes Portugal as independent.
- 1175 - Beja recaptured by Almohads.
- 1179
- 1184
- 1185
- 1185-1212 - Sancho I of Portugal founds several new towns and villages and takes great care in populating remote areas in the northern Christian regions of Portugal, notably with Flemings and Burgundians.
- 1199 - The Almohad Caliph Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur dies and is succeeded by Muhammad an-Nasir.
[edit] 13th century - 1212
- Afonso II of Portugal becomes king.
- Culmination of the Reconquista. Christians, amongst them King Afonso II of Portugal, defeat Almohades (Caliph Muhammad an-Nasir) at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. The Christians had 60-100,000 infantry and 10,000 cavalry, and had troops from Western Europe, Castile, Navarre, Aragon, León and Portugal, Military Orders (Knights Templar, Knights Hospitaller, Santiago, Cavatrava), and urban Militias.
- 1213 - Abu Ya'qub Yusuf II becomes Almohad Caliph.
- 1217 - The town of Alcácer do Sal is conquered to the Moors.
- 1233 – Sancho II of Portugal becomes king.
- 1236 - Portugal captures most of the Algarve.
- 1246 – Pope Innocent IV declares Sancho II an heretic and orders his removal of the throne.
- 1247 – Afonso III of Portugal becomes king; Sancho II is exiled to Toledo.
- 1254 – First official reunion of the Cortes, the kingdom's general assembly.
- 1255 - The city of Lisbon becomes the capital-city of Portugal.
- 1272 – Afonso III conquers Faro from the Moors, thus removing all Muslim communities from Portuguese soil and ending the Portuguese Reconquista.
- 1276 – John XXI becomes the first and only Portuguese Pope (died 1277).
- 1279 – Dinis of Portugal becomes king.
- 1297 – Dinis signs a treaty with Ferdinand IV of Castile to define the borders between Portugal and modern Spain; this treaty is valid until the present day.
[edit] 14th century [edit] See also |
