This is a timeline of Argentine history. To read about the background to these events, see History of Argentina. See also List of Presidents of Argentina, Lists of office-holders and Category:Years in Argentina. This timeline is incomplete; some important events may be missing. Please help add to it. [edit] 5000 BC–1500 AD  Río de la Plata aboriginals, as pictured by Hendrick Ottsen (1603) - 4000 BC Distinct nomadic cultures such as the Yámana emerged in the far south
- 500 BC Irrigation permitted development of sedentary agriculture of staple crops in western and northwestern Andean region
- 1 AD Several corn-based civilizations developed in the western and northwestern Andean region (Ansilta, Condorhuasi, Cienaga, Aguada, Santa Maria, Huarpes, Diaguitas, Sanavirones, among others)
- 600 Development of metallurgical technologies, permitting elaborate bronzeworks
- 850 Emergence of fortified urban settlements
- 1480 The Inca Empire, under the rule of emperor Pachacutec, launched an offensive and conquered present-day northwestern Argentina, integrating it into a region called Collasuyu
[edit] 1800–1825  Declaration of Independence of the United Provinces of South America, in Spanish and Quechua [edit] 1825–1900  A watercolour by HMS Beagle artist Conrad Martens painted during the survey of Tierra del Fuego shows the Beagle being hailed by native Fuegians. - 1825 The United Kingdom recognises Argentine independence.
- 1825 Deputies from the eastern bank of the Río de la Plata declare independence from Brazil, leading to the Argentina-Brazil War. The 1827 Battle of Ituzaingó saw tactical success for Argentina. The war ended in 1828 with a treaty giving independence to Uruguay
- 1829 Juan Manuel de Rosas became governor of Buenos Aires Province
- 1830 Yaghan aboriginal Jemmy Button (Orundellico) taken from Tierra del Fuego to England by Robert FitzRoy on HMS Beagle
- 1831 Pacto Federal signed between provinces to protect federal nature of country
- 1831-1834 The Voyage of the Beagle with Charles Darwin and Robert FitzRoy visited the Río de la Plata, Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego
- 1831 Argentine Governor of the Falkland Islands Luis Vernet is expelled by USS Lexington following his seizure of United States interests. New governor murdered in 1832 mutiny
- 1833 Argentine state launches a campaign of genocide against the aboriginal peoples under the command of Juan Manuel de Rosas
- 1833 British forces re-occupy the Falkland Islands
- 1839 Rosas made Supreme Chief of the Argentine Confederation
- 1852 Rosas overthrown by Justo José de Urquiza following Battle of Caseros
- Signature of the San Nicolás Agreement between all provinces but Buenos Aires, Urquiza named Supreme Director
- 1853 Constitution of Argentina agreed by assembly in Santa Fe, creating modern system of government
- 1854 Urquiza became first President of Argentina in modern sense but opposed by Buenos Aires, still opposed to federal project
- 1859 Defeat of Unitarian forces led by Bartolomé Mitre by Urquiza and federals at Battle of Cepeda; Buenos Aires re-enters confederation
- 1861 Mendoza earthquake kills 8,000 to 10,000 citizens of Mendoza
- 1864 Start of War of the Triple Alliance between Paraguay and the Triple Alliance of Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay, leading to utter defeat of Paraguay by 1870
- 1878 Commencement of the genocidal Conquest of the Desert against indigenous inhabitants of the south led by Julio Argentino Roca; final surrender by 1884
- 1880 Roca became president, finally defeated federals and moved capital to Buenos Aires from Rosario
- 1890 Founding of the Radical Civic Union (UCR) or Radical Party
- 1890 The Panic of 1890 brought the Baring Brothers bank in London close to collapse after disastrous investments in Argentina
- 1895 Mandatory military service (Conscription) established
- 1912 Sáenz Peña Law introduces universal, secret and compulsory male suffrage, end of the Generation of '80
- 1916 Start of presidency of Hipólito Yrigoyen, UCR democratic reformist
- 1918 Students strikes and demonstrations enforce the university reform of shared powers between teachers, graduates and students
- 1927 Fabrica Militar de Aviones aircraft factory founded in Cordoba
- 1930 Military coup deposed Yrigoyen, starting the 'Infamous Decade'
- 1931 General Agustín Justo declared winner of Presidency following 'patriotic fraud' in election
- 1943 'National Revolution' led by nationalist military officers including Colonel Juan Perón; ensured continued non-intervention in World War II
- 1944 San Juan earthquake destroys provincial capital, kills 10,000
- 1945 Argentina enters World War II on the side of the Allies and admitted as founding member of United Nations
- 1945 Perón arrested then freed after major popular protest by those known as the Descamisados
- 1946 Perón elected President; re-elected to presidency in 1951
- 1946 Indigenous people march in Malón de la Paz to Buenos Aires to demand land rights
- 1947 Women's suffrage is approved
- 1950 First flight of the FMA IAe 33 Pulqui II, the first jet fighter to be entirely developed and built in Latin America and the 6th in the World.
- 1950 The National Atomic Energy Commission (Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, CNEA) is founded
- 1952 Death of Eva Perón
- 1955 Perón ousted in 'Liberating Revolution' military coup
- 1956 INTA, the National Agricultural Technology Institute, is created
- 1957 INTI, the National Industrial Technology Institute, is created
- 1958 ARA Independencia, the first aircraft carrier of the Argentine Navy enter service
- 1962 Military coup ended presidency of civilian Arturo Frondizi
- 1966 General Juan Carlos Onganía assumed power and represses political parties
- 1967 Death of Ernesto 'Che' Guevara
- 1969 In the Cordobazo popular protests of May 1969, thousands of citizens routed the army and police and took control of Córdoba for two days
- 1969 A counter-insurgency aircraft, the FMA IA 58 Pucará, flies for the first time
- 1969 Aircraft carrier ARA Veinticinco de Mayo replaces ARA Independencia
- 1970 General Alejandro Lanusse emerged as President after Onganía toppled
- 1970-76 Civil conflict and terrorist attacks, principally by left-wing Montoneros and Ejercito Revolucionario del Pueblo opposed by paramilitary Argentine Anticommunist Alliance
- 1973 The Ezeiza massacre takes place upon Perón's return from exile, when members of the Triple A open fire on the crowd awaiting him.
- 1973 Democratic elections brought Peronist Héctor Cámpora to power; Perón elected president in fresh elections later that year
- 1974 Atucha I nuclear power plant, the first nuclear power plant in Latin America, began operation
- 1974 Perón died, leaving widow Isabel Martínez de Perón as president
- 1976 Military coup in March deposed Martínez de Perón
- 1976 The high-technology company INVAP is created
- 1976-1983 The Proceso de Reorganización Nacional military government led by Jorge Vileda repressed political and armed opposition through use of torture, forced disappearance and extra-judicial killing up of to 30,000 people
- 1978 Argentina hosted and won the 1978 Football World Cup
- 1978 Argentina refused the binding Beagle Channel Arbitration and started the Operation Soberania in order to invade Chile
- 1982 Leader General Leopoldo Galtieri sent troops to the Falkland Islands triggering Falklands War; British task force retook islands by mid-June
- 1983 Military government collapsed; election of Radical Raúl Alfonsín as president
- 1984 The Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1984 between Chile and Argentina ends border dispute over Picton,Nueva and Lennox islands
- 1984 Embalse nuclear power plant began operations
- 1984 The trainer aircraft FMA IA 63 Pampa flight for the first time.
- 1985 La Historia Oficial film won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film
- 1986 Argentina wins 1986 Football World Cup, captained by Diego Maradona
- 1987 First uprising by Carapintadas, commanded by Colonel Aldo Rico, two arrested. Alfonsín delares La casa está en orden (The house is in order)
- 1988 Second Carapintada revolt, again under Rico's command in January, 300 arrested
- 1988 Third and last Carapintada uprising, led by Mohammed Alí Seineldín, two arrested
- 1989 Dissident military group attacks La Tablada regiment, but are finally seized
- 1989 Hyper-inflation and political turmoil brings Peronist Carlos Menem to power in election
- 1990-1999 Neo-liberal economic policies and privatisations brought general strikes, hunger strikes and political party realignments
- 1991 Peso pegged to US Dollar
- 1991 Argentina is the only Latin American country to participate in the first Gulf War under mandate of the United Nations
- 1991 Mercosur customs union founded by the Treaty of Asunción
- 1991 Argentina, Brazil and Chile signed the Mendoza Declaration prohibiting Chemical Weapons
- 1992 Israeli Embassy attack in Buenos Aires killed 29 in terrorist attack
- 1993 Argentina joins UNFICYP mission at Cyprus. As of 2006, ground troops and helicopters are serving there and since 1999 have other Latin American countries troops embedded.
- 1994 Following the Pacto de Olivos, the constitution reform is agreed, allowing Presidents to serve second consecutive term
- 1994 Bombing of AMIA Jewish Community Centre in Buenos Aires, killing 85
- 1994 The murder of Conscript Omar Carrasco led to the abolition of Conscription
- 1995 Menem won second term
- 1995 Argentina acceded to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
- 1995 FMA privatized into Lockheed Martin Aircraft Argentina
- 1996 Radical Fernando de la Rúa elected first Mayor of Buenos Aires
- 1997 Radicals, left-wing FrePaSo and others joined forces as Alianza electoral alliance to oppose Menem and Peronists
- 1997 The A-4AR Fightinghawk enter service in the Argentine Air Force
- 1998 U.S. President Bill Clinton designated Argentina as a major non-NATO ally
- 1999 De la Rúa won Presidency as head of the Alianza, but was confronted by growing economic crisis
- 1999 In one of the worst accidents in the history of Argentinian aviation, LAPA flight 3142 crash at Aeroparque Jorge Newbery airport resulted in 65 fatalities.
[edit] Since 2000 - 2000 Hitech company INVAP is chosen by Australia to design and construct the OPAL nuclear reactor
- 2000 Vice-President Carlos Álvarez resigned in protest political bribes scandal, precipitating crisis in ruling alliance
- 2001 In March, the remaining FrePaSo ministers resigned from government in protest at economic and labour reforms
- 2001 In November, the government responded to a run on banks by limiting access to bank deposits in the corralito
- 2001 In December, events that have become known as the Argentinazo took place:
- middle classes, exasperated with constraints of corralito, took to streets in protest in the Cacerolazo
- Trade unions and piqueteros began protests, and shops and businesses were ransacked
- Violent protests and mass demonstrations in the Plaza de Mayo; 26 die in protests nationwide
- Finance minister Domingo Cavallo and President de la Rúa resigned in quick succession on 19 and 20 December
- Provincial governor Adolfo Rodríguez Saá appointed president by Argentine Congress on 22 December
- Rodríguez Saá declared a short-lived debt moratorium. After a few days, Argentina officially defaulted on $93 billion of its debt to the International Monetary Fund and creditors
- Rodríguez Saá resigned after a week following lack of support from colleagues
- Eduardo Duhalde, losing candidate in the 1999 presidential elections, appointed president with broad cross-party support
- 2002 Duhalde imposes further financial measures, including converting dollar accounts to pesos, scrapping 1:1 parity with the dollar, and social measures to bring economy under control
- 2003 Former President Carlos Menem wins first round of presidential election but pulls out facing certain defeat, handing victory to fellow Peronist Néstor Kirchner
- 2004 In April more than 100,000 people demonstrated in Buenos Aires in support of Juan Carlos Blumberg, father of murdered student Axel Blumberg, demanding harsher criminal laws
- 2004 Kirchner pursued Argentine debt restructuring
- 2004 Natural gas supply shortage produced tension with Chile
- 2004 Antarctic Treaty Secretariat established in Buenos Aires
- 2004 A fire in the República Cromagnon nightclub in Buenos Aires kills 194 people and injures 714
- 2005 Relations between Catholic Church and government broke down in February row between military chaplain and minister over abortion
- 2005 Supreme Court overruled 'Laws of Pardon' that were used to pardon military figures of the Dirty War
- 2005 First disputes of the Cellulose plant conflict between Argentina and Uruguay
- 2005 Mid-term elections in October saw a massive split in the Justicialist Party between Kirchner's centre-left Front for Victory faction and the rump of his former patron Duhalde and other provincial leaders; Front for Victory wins by large margin
- 2005 Massive demonstrations against U.S. President George W. Bush at the Fourth Summit of the Americas in Mar del Plata
- 2005 In December, Kirchner announced cancellation of IMF debt with single, final payment
- 2006 Buenos Aires mayor Aníbal Ibarra removed from office following accusations of negligence regarding the República Cromagnon nightclub fire of 2004
- 2007 Catholic priest Christian Von Wernich is found guilty of involvement in seven murders and 42 cases of kidnapping and torture related to the state-sponsored Dirty War. Von Wernich is sentenced to life imprisonment.
- 2007 Cristina Kirchner assumes as new president of Argentina.
[edit] See also [edit] References - López Levy, Marcela, 2004. We are Millions: Neo-liberalism and new forms of political action in Argentina, Latin America Bureau, London. ISBN 1-899365-63-X
- Nouzeilles, Gabriela and Montaldo, Graciela (eds), 2002. The Argentina Reader: History, Culture, Politics, Duke University Press, Durham and London. ISBN 0-8223-2914-X
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