add site
services
publishers
database
health videos
toolbar
stats
live show
health store
more stuff
JOIN/LOGIN
| advertise add site services publishers database health videos
| | about toolbar stats live show health store more stuff JOIN/LOGIN |
Carter Thomas henrycountyhospital.org | Thomas Ceja: Personality and Perseverance cardinalglennon.com | Thomas Holden glmc.net | Russel Thomas - The Hamner thehamner.org |
Sir Thomas McIlwraith KCMG (17 May 1835 – 17 July 1900) was for many years the dominant figure of colonial politics in Queensland. He was Premier of Queensland from 1877 to 1883, again in 1888, and for a third time in 1893. In common with most politicians of his era, McIlwraith was an influential businessman, who combined his parliamentary career with a prosperous involvement in the pastoral industry.
[edit] Early lifeThomas McIlwraith was born in Ayr, Scotland in 1835, one of four sons of John McIlwraith, plumber and shipowner, and his wife Janet Hamilton née Howat. His eldest brother, John (1828-1902), migrated to Victoria in 1853; his youngest brother, Andrew (1844-1932), co-founded McIlwraith, McEacharn & Co in London with Malcolm McEacharn.[1][2][3][4] He studied civil engineering at the University of Glasgow.[5] [edit] AustraliaHis brother John's success in Melbourne persuaded him, in 1854, to migrate to Victoria where he worked as a surveyor and engineer for the Department of Railways, and subsequently as a partner with Messrs Cornish[6] and Bruce[7], railway contractors. He also invested in eight pastoral holdings in the Maranoa district in Queensland. He retained close relations with his brother John, and on 6 June 1863 married Margaret Whannell, sister of John's wife. They had three daughters, Jessie (b.1866), Mary (b.1868) and Blanche (b.1872). He eventually moved to Queensland, but Margaret was reluctant to live in isolated Merivale station. In 1871 she visited Merivale, but soon returned to Melbourne for Blanche's birth. In 1874 they decided to live in Brisbane. Thomas found that she was drinking heavily, and sent her to Scotland where she died in 1877. McIlwraith fathered an illegitimate daughter in Victoria. In 1879 he married Harriette Ann née Mosman, sister of the wife of his political colleague Arthur Palmer;[8] she mothered his fourth legitimate daughter in 1881. [edit] Parliamentary careerWhilst working for J V A Bruce,[7] he represented his employers in a dispute with the Victorian government, and attracted public attention. In 1864 he contested the Sandhurst seat in the Victorian Legislative Assembly but won few votes as a free trader. McIlwraith was elected to the Legislative Assembly for Maranoa in 1868. He joined the ministry of Arthur Macalister in January 1874 becoming Secretary for Public Works and Mines. He resigned from these posts in October of that year. The government of John Douglas was defeated in 1879 after a series of severe droughts and McIlwraith became Premier for the first time. He quickly worked to ameliorate the colony's finances and with the assistance of a return of agricultural prosperity he turned the budget deficit into a surplus. Queensland at this stage was seeing increasing numbers of immigrants and McIlwraith oversaw the colony's economic development. The McIlwraith government introduced the divisional system of local government to the larger part of Queensland and assisted in establishing a postal service through the Torres Strait Islands. In 1882 he was knighted. The Australian colonies were extremely anxious about German colonial activities in the region, and, when it became clear that the German government was planning to annex eastern New Guinea, to Queensland's north, on 4 April 1883, McIlwraith took the extraordinary step of attempting to annex it for Queensland. This was disallowed by the British Secretary of State for the Colonies, Lord Derby on the basis that a colonial government had no authority to annex other colonies. On 3 November 1884 the German government annexed German New Guinea, prompting the British government to annex British New Guinea three days later. The event was instrumental in sparking interest in the federation movement to unite the Australian colonies. In 1883 a government proposal to raise funds for the construction of a trans-continental railway line by a system of land grants was attacked for corruption in allocation of grants. McIlwraith lost office to his rival, Samuel Griffith, in November and retired from politics in 1886. He returned to the Parliament in 1888, this time as member for North Brisbane. His party won a majority in the elections and he again became Premier and Treasurer. He came into conflict with the colony's Governor, Sir Anthony Musgrave over the exercise of the royal pardon. Musgrave died in October and McIlwraith petitioned the new Colonial Secretary Lord Knutsford, to allow the Queensland government to be consulted on the choice of Governor. Knutsford refused and appointed Sir Harry Blake. In November of that year ill-health forced him to resign in favour of Boyd Morehead. He travelled to China and Japan. After his return, McIlwraith's relationship with his colleagues had detoriorated, and in August 1890 he formed an alliance (later known as the "Continuous Ministry") with his erstwhile foe to become Treasurer in the government of Sir Samuel Griffith. In March 1893 Griffith stepped down to join the Supreme Court of Queensland and McIlwraith became Premier again. His health was still poor and in October he resigned in favour of Hugh Nelson, contenting himself with the cabinet position of Chief Secretary and secretary for railways until 29 March 1895. The Dictionary of Australian of Biography[5] says:
This domineering (and occasionally unscrupulous) style was to become a characteristic feature of many later Queensland premiers.[citation needed] [edit] After politicsSince 1888 the London directors of McIlwraith's Queensland Investment and Land Mortgage Co. had complained about the practices of the local board, and in 1892 they charged McIlwraith, Palmer and two others with fraud. The remaining years of his life were surrounded in financial scandal and large financial losses by institution that he was involved with. Although he left for England on 15 January 1895, he was still a minister of the Queensland cabinet until 25 November 1897 when the Labor Party with government support succeeded in passing a resolution that he should retire. On 9 December he resigned from the Executive Council. He died in London on 17 July 1900 and was buried at Ayr. [edit] References and notes
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ↑ top of page ↑ | about thumbshots |
