Telugu literature Information & Telugu literature Links at HealthHaven.com
advertise
add site
services
publishers
database
health videos
Bookmark and Share

search wiki for    ?
web dir firms image gallery news pdf wiki shop video 
about
toolbar
stats
live show
health store
more stuff
JOIN/LOGIN
Featured Results:
Technical Literature | Literature | STERIS Corporation
Technical Literature | Literature | STERIS Corporation
steris.com		 
 This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this article if you can. (October 2009)

Telugu literature flowered in the early 16th century under the Vijayanagar empire, of which Telugu was the court language.

Telugu is the language of the Telugu people, an ethnic group based in southern India.

Telugu is Vikriti , that is a language formed my modification of sanskrit and prakrit. It would appear that Andhras adopted a form of Prakrit which, in course of development, became the immediate ancestor of Telugu.[1]

"Every Sanskrit word is potentially a Telugu word as well, and literary texts in Telugu may be lexically Sanskrit or Sanskritized to an enormous extent, perhaps sixty percent or more".[2]

Every Telugu Gramatical rule is laboriously deduced from a Sanskrit canon. [3]

Contents

[edit] History

[edit] Early history

Nannaya Bhattarakudu’s Andhra Mahabharatamu produced around the 11th century is commonly referred to as the first Telugu literary composition (Aadi kaavyam). Although there is evidence of Telugu literature before Nannaya, he is still referred to as Aadi Kavi (the first poet) because he was the first poet to establish a formal grammar for written Telugu. Nannaya meticulously laid down the ground rules and semantics of writing in Telugu by borrowing from Sanskrit grammar and inventing original rules. Telugu literature until then was Prakrit based and devoid of a grammar. Nannaya was only able to finish the first two chapters and a part of the third chapter of the Mahabharata.

It is also believed that the pre-Nannaya Literature probably Jain were deliberately destroyed by the Bramhical movement called Vaidiki Movement.[4] While some believe Nanne Choadudu's famous work Kumara Sambhavam was composed in 10th century before Nannaya's Mahabaratha, others place Nanne Choadudu between the period of Nannaya and Tikkana.[5]

Andhra Mahabharatamu was later furthered by Tikanna Somayaji (1205–1288) who wrote all the remaining chapters (4 - 18). Yerrapragada (fourteenth century) finished the epic by completing the remaining part of third chapter. He masterfully mimics Nannaya's style in the beginning, slowly changes tempo and finishes the chapter in the writing style of Tikkana. Nannaya, Tikanna and Yerrapragada are known as the Kavitraya or the three great poets of Telugu for this mammoth effort. Other such translations like Marana’s Markandeya Puranam, Ketana’s Dasakumara Charita, Yerrapragada’s Harivamsam followed. Many scientific works like Ganitasarasangrahamu by Pavuluri Mallana and Prakirnaganitamu by Eluganti Peddana are written in 12th century in Telugu.[6]

Some of the early landmarks are Srinathudu’s Sringara Naishadham, Potana’s Dasamaskandham, Jakkana’s Vikramarka Charitra and Talapaka Timmakka’s Subhadra Kalyanam. Literary activities flourished, during the rule of Vijayanagara dynasty. Krishnadevaraya’ s time (sixteenth century) is considered the golden age in the history of Telugu literature. The king, a poet himself, introduced the Prabandha (a kind of love poetry) in Telugu literature with his Amukta Malyada. His court had the Ashtadiggajas (literally "eight elephants") who were the known to be the greatest of poets of that time.

Some critics dismiss the following period, dominated by prabandhas, as a decadent age. Of the dozens of works of the eighteenth to mid nineteenth century, Kankanti Paparaju’s Uttara Ramayana in campu style and the play Vishnumayavilasa stand out. Other genres bloomed at the same time. Innumerable Yakshaganas or indigenous dramas of song and prose works were also produced. Tyagaraja (1767–1847) of Tanjore composed devotional songs in Telugu, which form a big part of the repertoire of Carnatic music.

[edit] Modern history

Charles Philip Brown (1798-1884), was an employee of East India Company whose quest to understand the basic structure of Telugu language made him embark upon an exploration of Telugu literature. His pursuit is said to be the only present day source of the many classics in Telugu literature.

Although the first printed Telugu book was out in 1796, it was a while before the modern period in Telugu literature set in. Young men acquainted with English literature were influenced by Shelley, Keats and Wordsworth, and a new type of romantic poetry called the Bhavakavithwam was born.

Kandukuri Veeresalingam (1848-1919) wrote the first novel in Telugu, Rajashekharacharitramu. Next came the vyavaharika bhasha vadam or using colloquial language in script. Gurajada Apparao with his close associates such as Gidugu Rammurty were primarily responsible for the beginnings of this. His 1910 work Mutyala saralu along with Cattamanchi Ramalinga Reddy's musalamma maranam (1898), and Rayaprolu Subbarao’s Trunakankatam (1913) form the earliest works heralding a break with traditional poetry.

[edit] Various forms

  • Prabandham
  • Kavyam
    • Padya kāvyam
    • Gadya kāvyam
    • Kanda Kavyam (short poems)
  • Kavitha
  • Śatakam (Anthology)
  • Avadhanam
  • Navala
  • Katha
  • Nātakam

[edit] Popular authors and works

[edit] References

  1. ^ Chenchiah, P.; Rao, Raja Bhujanga (1988). A History of Telugu Literature. Asian Educational Services. p. 16. ISBN 8120603133. 
  2. ^ Velcheru Narayana Rao; David Shulman, Classical Telugu Poetry (2 ed.), The Regents of the University of California, p. 3 
  3. ^ Charles Philip Brown, A Grammar of the Telugu language, Kessinger Publishing, p. 266 
  4. ^ P, Chenchiah; Raja Bhujanga Rao. A History of Telugu Literature. India: Oxford University press. 
  5. ^ P.T, Raju. A Telugu Literature. India: Onal Book House. 
  6. ^ P.T, Raju. A Telugu Literature. India: Onal Book House. 
  • P, Chenchiah; Raja Bhujanga Rao. A History of Telugu Literature. India: Oxford University press. 

[edit] External links

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telugu_literature"



Product Results (view all...)

search wiki for    ?
web dir firms image gallery news pdf wiki shop video 



↑ top of page ↑about thumbshots