Talking blues is a form of country music. It is characterised by rhythmic speech or near-speech where the melody is free, but the rhythm is strict.

Christopher Allen Bouchillon (21 August 1893 - September 1968), billed as "The Talking Comedian of the South," is believed to have created the "talking blues" form when he recorded the song "Talking Blues" for Columbia Records in Atlanta in 1926, from which the style gets its name.^{[1] [2] [3]} His "Talking Blues" was released in 1927, followed by a sequel, "New Talking Blues" in 1928. His song "Born in Hard Luck" is similar in style.

Contents 1 The form 2 Development of the genre 3 Notable examples 4 Similar forms and similar titles 5 See also 6 References

[edit] The form

A talking blues typically consists of a repetitive guitar line utilizing a three chord progression which, although it is called a "blues", is not actually a twelve bar blues. The vocals are sung in a rhythmic, flat tone, very near to a speaking voice, and take the form of rhyming couplets. At the end of each verse, consisting of two couplets, the singer continues to talk, adding a fifth line consisting of an irregular, generally unrhymed, and unspecified number of bars, often with a pause in the middle of the line, before resuming the strict chordal structure. This example, from "Talking Blues" by Woody Guthrie, serves to explain the format:

Mama's in the kitchen fixin' the yeast
Papa's in the bedroom greasin' his feets
Sister's in the cellar squeezin' up the hops
Brother's at the window just a-watchin' for the cops
Drinkin' home brew ... makes you happy.

The lyrics to a talking blues are characterized by dry, rural humour, with the spoken codetta often adding a wry commentary on the subject of the verse. As a spoken form, it can be considered an early country music predecessor of rap.

[edit] Development of the genre

Woody Guthrie popularized the style after Bouchillon; his "Talking Hard Work" is a title-tribute to Bouchillon's "Talking Blues" and "Born in Hard Luck". Several sources of the 1940s - 1950s, including the Almanac Singers, wrongly credited Guthrie as the creator of the talking blues; he was rather the innovator who explored the use of the form for political and topical subject matter. By the 1940s, what had started as a comedic country music genre became known as a form of wry political protect singing. This sample lyric, from "Talking Union" by Pete Seeger, Lee Hays, and Millard Lampell shows the development of the genre into a vehicle for political commentary:

Now, if you want higher wages, let me tell you what to do
You got to talk to the workers in the shop with you
You got to build you a union, got to make it strong
But if you all stick together, boys, it won't be long
You'll get shorter hours, better working conditions, vacations with pay ... take your kids to the seashore.

In 1958, the musician and folk music scholar John Greenway recorded an album collection called "Talking Blues" on the Folkways label. His compendium included 15 talking blues songs by Guthrie, Tom Glazer, and others, and was, according to the music historian Manfred Helfert, the "obvious source" for the many 1960s forays into the genre by Bob Dylan. ^[4] The best known of Dylan's talking blues is "Talking World War III Blues" from 1963:

Well, I rung the fallout shelter bell
And I leaned my head and I gave a yell
"Give me a string bean, I'm a hungry man!"
A shotgun fired and away I ran
I don't blame them too much, though ... he didn't know me

Dylan's fame and his repeated use of the talking blues form contributed to the genre becoming a widely popular vehicle for the composition of songs with political content. When the country singer Johnny Cash recorded a song that described his trip to Vietnam with his wife June Carter Cash, he chose the talking blues format to describe his dissent against the Vietnam War.

The early 21st century has seen the talking blues continue as a vehicle for ironic and sly commentary on current political events, as evidenced by such titles as "Talkin' Orange Alert Blues" by John Craigie, a wry 2006 protest on the use of terrorism alerts by President George W. Bush. In addition, over the years the political protest content of the form has occasionally eclipsed the rural humour component, as can be seen in "Singing in Viet Nam Talking Blues" by Johnny Cash and in "Talking Post-Trauma Blues (PTSD)" by Tom Smith, a 2007 indictment of President Bush's treatment of veterans of the Iraq War who suffer from Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome:

I'm sitting here on this front porch swing
My chest vibrates and my ears ring
Wondering what the hell's the matter with me
Inside of my head is like World War Three
Not just a little hazy ... I think I'm going crazy ... others call me lazy ... loser, wimp, coward ... I've heard it all

[edit] Notable examples

• "Talking Blues" (1927) and "New Talking Blues" (1928) by Christopher Allen Bouchillon^[3]
• "Talking Dust Bowl Blues" (1940), "Talking Fishing Blues", "Talking Centralia", "Talking Columbia", "Talking Hard Work", "Talking Sailor", and "Talking Subway" by Woody Guthrie.
• "Ain't No Fun (Waiting Round to Be a Millionaire)" by AC/DC
• "Talking Union," by Pete Seeger, Lee Hays, and Millard Lampell.
• "Atomic Talking Blues" (a.k.a. "Talking Atom", "Old Man Atom") by Vern Partlow
• "'Talking Inflation Blues" by Tom Glazer
• Talking Blues (1958), an LP collection of 15 songs in the talking blues genre by various song-writers, recorded and annotated by John Greenway
• "Talking World War III Blues" (1963), "Talking New York". "Talking Hava Negiliah Blues", "Talkin' John Birch Paranoid Blues", "I Shall Be Free No. 10" and "Talking Bear Mountain Picnic Massacre Blues" by Bob Dylan, all recorded during the 1960s
• "Singing in Viet Nam Talking Blues" by Johnny Cash
• "Talking Big Apple '75" by Loudon Wainwright III' (on his 1976 album T Shirt (album))
• "Talkin' Blues (What's in a Name)" by Billy Connolly
• "Talking Mysterious Prostate" by Don Freed.
• "Talkin' Seattle Grunge Blues" by Todd Snider
• "Talkin' Orange Alert Blues" by John Craigie (2006)
• "Talking Post-Trauma Blues (PTSD)" by Tom Smith (2007)

[edit] Similar forms and similar titles

• "Alice's Restaurant Massacree" by Arlo Guthrie, the son of Woody Guthrie, is considered a talking blues, though it follows a different melodic structure, one more reminiscent of Chris Bouchillon's "Born in Hard Luck" than his original "Talking Blues," with a repeated chorus based on a circle of fifths melody, similar to "Take It Slow and Easy" by Jesse Fuller or "Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden" by Tommy Bradley (1930).
• The Dire Straits song "Walk of Life" refers to "the talkin blues", but is itself not a talking blues in format.
• "Talking Blues" by Bob Marley is a reference to gospel music and, despite the title, is neither a blues nor a talking blues in form.

[edit] See also

• Sprechgesang

[edit] References

1. ^ Leggett, Steve. "Chris Bouchillon". allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:acfexqu5ldke~T1. Retrieved 2008-02-20. 
2. ^ "Chris Bouchillon Biography". aolmusic. http://music.aol.com/artist/chris-bouchillon/biography/1043770. Retrieved 2008-02-20. 
3. ^ ^{a b} "Chris Bouchillon 'The Original Talking Blues Man'". Stefan Wirz. http://www.wirz.de/music/bouchfrm.htm. Retrieved 2009-08-23. 
4. ^ "John Greenway - Obvious Source of Dylan's Talking Blues" by Manfred Helfert

• van der Merwe, Peter (1989). Origins of the Popular Style: The Antecedents of Twentieth-Century Popular Music. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-316121-4.