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Princess Muna al Hussein Award - American Nurses Credentialing Center - nursecredentialing.org | Death - the last taboo: The body - Hussein Ali Al-Hashimy deathonline.net | ??????? ????? ??????? ???????- ??????? ???? ???? ???? - ???- ?????? kamalsaleh.sptechs.com | The Tun Hussein Onn National Eye Hospital thoneh.com |
Taha Hussein (November 14, 1889—October 28, 1973) (Arabic: طه حسين ) (nicknamed "the dean of Arabic literature")[2] was one of the most influential Egyptian writers and intellectuals. He was a figurehead for the modernist movement in Egypt.
[edit] BiographyTaha Hussein was born on November 14, 1889 in the village of Izbet el Kilo in Minya Governorate in central Upper Egypt. He contracted an eye infection as a child, and faulty treatment rendered him blind at he age of six. [3] He went to a kottab, and then was sent to Al-Azhar University, where he was educated in religion and Arabic literature. From his childhood days he was reluctant to engrave the traditional education in his heart. Hussein was the seventh of thirteen children, living in a lower-middle class family. He became blind at the age of three due to a faulty treatment by an unskilled practitioner and was dealt with a great deal of anguish throughout his entire life. [4] He met and married Suzanne Bresseau while attending the University of Montpellier in France. She was referred to as “sweet voice”. This name came from her ability to read to him as he was trying to improve his grasp of the French language. Suzanne became his wife, best friend, mother of his two children and mentor throughout his life. Taha Hussein’s children, his daughter Amina and her younger brother Moenis, both were important figures in Egypt. Amina, who died at the age of 70, was among the first Egyptian women to graduate from Cairo University. She and her brother, Moenis, translated his Abid (The Intellectual) into French. This was especially important to their father, who was an Egyptian who moved to France and learned the language. Even more importantly, the character of Adib is one of a young man who, like Taha Hussein, had to go experience the cultural shock of an Egyptian studying and living in France.[5] [edit] Academic careerWhen the secular Cairo University was founded in 1908, he was keen to enter, and despite being blind and poor he earned a place. In 1914, he became the first graduate to receive a Ph.D., with a thesis on the skeptic poet and philosopher Abu-Alala' Al-Ma'ari. He went on to become a professor of Arabic literature there. In 1919, he was appointed a professor of history at the Cairo University. Additionally, he was founding Rector of the University of Alexandria. He wrote many novels and essays, though in the West he is best known for his autobiography, [[El-Ayyam]] which was published in English as An Egyptian Childhood (1932) and [[The Stream of Days]] (1943). An important episode in his life was the writing in the 1920s of "On Pre-Islamic Poetry" في الشعر الجاهلي Fil-Shiʿir al-Gāhilī in which he expressed doubt about the authenticity of much traditional Arabic poetry, claiming that it may have been faked during ancient times due to tribal pride and competition between those tribes. In this book, he also hinted indirectly that the Quran should not be taken as an objective source of history. Naturally this book aroused the intense anger and hostility of al-Azhar and many other traditionalists. He was prosecuted with the accusation of insulting Islam, but the public prosecutor stated that what Taha Hussein said was the opinion of an academic researcher and no legal action was taken against him. His book was banned but was later published with slight modifications under the title "On Pre-Islamic Literature". Taha Hussein was an Egyptian renaissance intellectual and a proponent of the ideology of Egyptian nationalism, believing that the Egyptian civilization was diametrically opposed to the Arab civilization, and stressing that Egypt would only progress by reclaiming its ancient roots.[6] After Hussein obtained his MA from the University of Montpellier, one of Europe's oldest universities, he continued on with his academics and received another PHD at Sorbonne University, which is considered to be one of Europe’s most prestigious universities. With this accomplishment, Hussein became the first Egyptian and member of the mission to receive an MA and PhD from France. For his doctoral dissertation, written in 1917, Hussein wrote on Ibn Khaldun, a Tunisian historian, believed to be the founder of sociology. Two years later, in 1919, Hussein made his way back to Egypt from France with his wife, Suzanne. In Egypt, he was appointed to be professor of history at Cairo University. In 1950, Hussein was appointed as the Minister of Education, and from there was able to put his motto into motion: "Education is like the air we breathe and the water we drink. Without Taha Hussein and his willingness to promote education, millions of Egyptians would not be literate throughout the generations.[7]
[edit] ControversyTaha Hussein led a controversial life starting in 1926, as he waged many battles for enlightenment, women’s emancipation and the respect of reason and thought. With his views on these subjects, Hussein found himself in the middle of wide-scale arguments with the publication of “Pre-Islamic Poetry”. This publication found itself on the front pages of newspapers, where people would argue the pros and cons of his points. It was seen as highly controversial among the political and literary circles. As he defended himself, he argued that he adopted a method of approach in his dissertation on Pre-Islamic poetry. This method was adopted by western philosophers, scientists and men of letters who followed the French philosopher Descartes in his reasoning in search of the truth of the beginning. This though renovated philosophy and science and changed the outlook of men of letters and artists in the West. [5] [edit] Legacy[edit] Quotes
[edit] WorksTaha Hussein's literary works can be divided into 3 categories:
[edit] Translations
[edit] See also[edit] References
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