The Syphilis TPHA test is a classic, indirect hemagglutination test used for the detection and titration of antibodies against the causative agent of syphilis,Treponema pallidum.

In the test red blood cells (erythrocytes) are sensitized with antigens from T. pallidum. The erythrocytes will then aggregate together to form distinctive patterns on the surface of a microplate wells when exposed to syphilitic serum.

False Positives are common in this test. This is typically caused by antibodies directed against other non-pathogenic or non target treponemas, such as T. pallidum subsp endemicum, T. pallidum subsp pertenue, and T. carateum. These antibodies can be adsorbed out of the test sample by a variety of methods thereby reducing false positives for syphilis.

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v • d • e Medical test: Serology, reference range: blood tests Clinical biochemistry Metabolic panel BMP: electrolytes (Na+/K+, Cl-/HCO3-) · renal function, BUN-to-creatinine ratio (BUN/Creatinine) · Glucose · Ca CMP: BMP + protein tests (Human serum albumin, Serum total protein) · liver function tests (ALP, ALT, AST, Bilirubin) derived values: Plasma osmolality · Serum osmolal gap Acid-base homeostasis Arterial blood gas · Base excess · Anion gap · CO2 content Iron tests Transferrin saturation = Serum iron / Total iron-binding capacity Ferritin · Transferrin · Transferrin receptor Blood sugar Glucose test · Glucose tolerance test · Glycemia · Noninvasive glucose · C-peptide · Fructosamine · Random glucose test · Glycosylated hemoglobin Endocrine ACTH stimulation test · Thyroid function tests Cardiac marker Troponin test · CPK-MB test · Glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB Other Beutler test · Blood lipids · Tumor marker Hematology/CBC Clotting vWF: Ristocetin induced platelet agglutination clotting factors: Prothrombin time · Partial thromboplastin time · Thrombin time other/general coagulation: Bleeding time · animal enzyme (Reptilase time, Ecarin clotting time, Dilute Russell's viper venom time) · Thromboelastography fibrinolysis: Euglobulin lysis time · D-dimer Red blood cell indices Hematocrit · Hemoglobin · RBC count ratios: Mean corpuscular hemoglobin · Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration · Mean corpuscular volume Fetal hemoglobin: Apt-Downey test · Kleihauer-Betke test · Red blood cell distribution width Reticulocyte index · Haptoglobin Other Blood film · Blood viscosity · Absolute neutrophil count Immunology Infections viral infection: HIV (HIV test, BDNA test) · Epstein-Barr virus (Monospot test) bacterial infection: syphilis (VDRL, Rapid plasma reagin, Wassermann test, FTA-ABS) · rickettsia (Weil-Felix test) · helicobacter (HelicoCARE direct) · streptococcus (Antistreptolysin O titre) protozoan infection: toxoplasmosis (Sabin-Feldman dye test) Inflammation C-reactive protein · Erythrocyte sedimentation rate · MELISA · RAST test see also reference ranges for blood tests