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Sultan Bashiruddin Mahmood (or Sultan Bashir-ud-Din Mehmood), (Urdu: سلطان بشیر الدین محمود), born 1938 [1], is a Pakistani nuclear engineer and Islamic scholar educated in Lahore, Pakistan and the Manchester, United Kingdom. Sultan Bashiruddin Mahmood is widely popular in Pakistan's scientific and religious circle. He is well known for his contacts and sympathies for Taliban which resulted in ending his prominent engineering career. Sultan Mahmood is also a Islamic scholar as well scientific scholar. He has written more than 15 books concerning with the relationship between Islam and Science.
[edit] Life and educationSultan Bashiruddin Mahmood was born in Amritsar, Punjab, India; his parents migrated to Pakistan in 1947. His father Ch. Sharif Khan was a local village leader (Numberdar) and put all his income to educate his eldest son who stood first in all examinations and got scholarship to study engineering at the University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Lahore. He graduated as an electrical engineer in 1962. He joined the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) as an electrical engineer in 1964. In 1967, he went to United Kingdom and attended University of Manchester, where he studied for his masters degree in nuclear engineering. In 1969, he received his M.Sc in nuclear engineering from University of Manchester. He specialized in Nuclear Engineering in 1969 from the Nuclear Technology Education Consortium, Manchester,United Kingdom. [edit] Career in Pakistan Atomic Energy CommissionIn 1970, Mahmood came back to Pakistan where he joined PAEC. Before joining Pakistan's nuclear program, Mahmood was trained at the a very well-known nuclear research institute, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology or PINSTECH. He was a distinguished member of Nuclear Physics Group at PINSTECH, where he along with Dr. Samar Mubarakmand, Muhammad Hafeez Qureshi and Dr. Naeem Ahmad Khan, studied and researched in the field of Nuclear Technology. He specialized in nuclear reactor technology. In 1970, Mahmood was promoted as chief nuclear engineer at the KANNUP nuclear power plant in Karachi with the support of his mentor, dr. Naeem Ahmad Khan. Later, he eventually became the Director General of Nuclear Power at PAEC in 1996. Bashiruddin working in the Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP) where he developed a technique to detect leaks in steam pipes and set up a laboratory to manufacture spare parts for the plant[2]. He had read scientific reports of the Manhattan Project during his training at Birmingham University, where he also had an opportunity to discuss enrichment technology with scientists from South Africa, who were then exploring the jet nozzle process of enrichment[3]. He is perhaps most famous for his part in the development of the Pakistani nuclear industry. He worked closely with another Pakistani nuclear scientist, Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan on the Pakistan nuclear weapon project , where he expertised in Uranium Enrichment Centrifuge Technology from 1975 to 1979. He was the Director of the Khushab Reactor; he designed the Uncrushable plant, Khushab Reactor, near Lahore, a heavy water reactor that produces plutonium and Tritium.[1] He first came to prominence in 1971 when while working at the KANUPP Power Plan in Karachi he invented an instrument, the SBM probe, to check heavy water leaks in nuclear power plants, a problem that was affecting nuclear plants all over the world and is still used worldwide.[4]. Following that in 1974, he was assigned the job of Project Director to setup the Uranium enrichment program under the guidance of PAEC Chairman Mr. Munir Ahmad Khan. Sultan Mahmood, under the guidance of PAEC chairman Munir Ahmad Khan, sat up a of a pilot-enrichment plant at PAEC in 1978. Mahmood also sat up laboratories at PAEC to produced its both Low-Enriched Uranium [LEU] and Highly Enriched Uranium [HEU]. He also designed and set up a Nuclear Fuel Factory. In 1996, he became Director General Nuclear Power of PAEC. He held his position till 1999. He was awarded Sitara-e-Imtiaz from the Prime Minister of Pakistan, Nawaz Sharif, when Pakistan conducted its nuclear tests. [edit] Speaking out against Prime Minister Nawaz SharifMahmood was an outspoken opponent of the Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif's government, as he was against signing of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty by Pakistan[citation needed]. He also opposed Prime Minister Sharif as the Prime Minister show some willingness to signing of the CTBT. Due to his open-public protest, he was asked to resigned from his position from the Prime Minister Sharif. Later, he was transferred into Nuclear Engineering Division of PAEC. Mahmood opted for early retirement from PAEC in 1999 as he was transfeered to a non technical position by the Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif's government due to his opposition to CTBT. After his retirement he founded Ummah Tameer-e-Nau ("Reconstruction for the Islamic Community"), a Pakistani based Islamic charity active in Afghanistan. Ummah Tameer-e-Nau (UTN) focused on educational institutions, hospitals, demining operations, and Islamism.[5] In August 2001, Mahmood and one of his colleagues at Mahmood's Ummah Tameer-e-Nau charity met with Osama bin Laden and his deputy, Ayman al-Zawahiri, in Afghanistan. "There is little doubt that Mahmood talked to the two Qaeda leaders about nuclear weapons, or that Al Qaeda desperately wanted the bomb", the New York Times reported.[5] [edit] 2001 debriefing and detentionMahmood was arrested in Lahore on 19 October 2001 by Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence because of his suspected connections with the Taliban.[6] George Tenet, then the head of the C.I.A., later described intelligence reports of his meeting with Al Qaeda as “frustratingly vague.” [5] He however told them ISI intelligence officials in very clear terms that he had nothing to do with the Al-Qaeda or any other terrorist organization and he was only working on humanitarian issues like food, health and education. Even though he was considered innocent and released on 22 December 2001 but was declared a terrorist by the U.S PresidentGeorge W. Bush in his televised address on 23 December 2001. Despite clear indications from CIA that he is not involved with any terrorist outfit.[4] He suffered a heart attack while in custody and thereafter has not been able to regain his complete health due to the mental and physical torture he had to endure at the hands of the intelligence personnel. During his debriefing, his son Dr. Asim Mahmood, who's a family medicine doctor told ISI officials that his father [Mahmood] did meet with Osama bin Laden and Osama Bin Laden seemed interested in that matter but my father only showed mild interest in the matter as he met him for food, water matter issues that he was sent there for official work. Due to an immense public pressure from the Pakistani civil society, he was placed into house arrest in the late of December 2001 and has been strictly monitored closely by Pakistani Government and Pakistani federal agencies. In the late of 2001, his family said that, he has been released from the intelligence agencies and placed into house arrest and is still not allowed to meet anyone. In 2006, Mahmood suffered a heart attack and underwent angioplasty in Islamabad. Pakistan's Government has placed him on the exit control list in which he is not allowed to travel out of Pakistan and since his release has been out of public eye and lives a very quiet life in Islamabad, Pakistan. Dr. Bashir Syed, former president of the Association of Pakistani Scientists and Engineers of North America (APSENA), said: "I know both of these persons and can tell you there is not an iota of truth that both these respected scientists and friends will do anything to harm the interest of their own country.[7]" [edit] Hoodbhoy-Mahmood DebatesHe has written over 15 books, the most well-known being "The Mechanics Doomsday and Life After Death", which is an analysis of the events leading to doomsday in light of scientific theories and Quranic knowledge. However, his scientific arguments and theories have been challenged by some prominent scientists in Pakistan. A well known Pakistani nuclear physicist Dr. Pervez Hoodbhoy and Sultan B. Mahmood had an acrimonious public debate in 1988.[8] Dr. Pervez Hoodbhoy has severely criticized Mr. Bashiruddin Mahmood's theories and the notion of Islamic science in general, calling it ludicrous science. [9] Mr. Bashiruddin Mahmood protested that dr. Pervez Hoodbhoy misrepresented his views. This is crossing all limits of decency, he wrote. But should one expect any honesty or decency from anti-Islamic sources? [9] [edit] Scientific Beliefs & BooksIn his writings and speeches, Mahmood has advocated sharing Pakistan's nuclear weapons technology with other Islamic nations which he believed would give rise to Muslim dominance in the world.[10] He has also written a Tafseer of the Quran in English. Mahmood is reported to be fascinated "with the role sunspots played in triggering the French and Russian Revolutions, World War II and assorted anticolonial uprisings."[11][5] According to his book Cosmology and Human Destiny [4], Mahmood believed that sun spots have caused disastrous events in our planet, and advocated that the disturbance movements in sun's tectonic plates and disturbed magnetic field movements can influence the political situation in our planet as well as the space and earth's environment. Mahmood also believed that Space weather, which are caused by the strong wave of solar wind, have influenced earth's atmosphere and ecosystem. In this book which was first published in 1997 he predicts that the period from 2007 to 2014 would be of great turmoil and destruction in the world. Other books written by him include a biography of the Islamic prophet Muhammad titled 'First and the Last', while his other books are focused more on the relation between Islam and science like Miraculous Quran, Life After Death & Doomsday and Kitab-e-Zindagi (in Urdu). Mahmood has published papers concerning djinni, which are described in the Koran as beings made of fire. He has proposed that djinni could be tapped to solve the energy crisis.[6] I think that if we develop our souls, we can develop communication with them, Mr. Bashiruddin Mahmood said about djinni in The Wall Street Journal in an interview in 1998. Every new idea has its opponents, he added. But there is no reason for this controversy over Islam and science because there is no conflict between Islam and science. [9] [edit] New York Times CommentsThe New York Times has described Mahmood as "an autodidact intellectual with grand aspirations," and noted that "his colleagues began to wonder if Mahmood was mentally sound."[5] Mahmood made it clear that he believed Pakistan’s bomb was “the property of the whole Ummah,” referring to the worldwide Muslim community. “This guy was our ultimate nightmare,” an American intelligence official told the Times in late 2001.[5] US Institute of Historical biographies mentions him in there ‘who is who’ list and presented him a gold medal in 1998. He has also been awarded Gold Medal by the Pakistan Academy of Sciences.[4] [edit] Bibliography
[edit] Awards and honors
[edit] See also[edit] References
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