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Quốc gia Việt Nam State of Vietnam ← 1949–1955 → Flag Coat of Arms Anthem Thanh niên Hành Khúc (The March of Youths) The State of Vietnam claimed authority over all of Vietnam, although its rule was never effective in the North. In 1954, the country was partitioned at the 17th parallel. Capital Saigon Language(s) Vietnamese Government Republic Head of state  - 1949-55 Bảo Đại Prime minister  - 1954-55 Ngô Đình Diệm Historical era Cold War  - Independence declared (from France) June 14, 1949  - Internationally recognised 1950  - Disestablished October 26, 1955 Area  - 1955 173,809 km2 (67,108 sq mi) Population  - 1955 est. 12,000,000       Density 69 /km2  (178.8 /sq mi) Currency piastre

History of Vietnam

Hồng Bàng Dynasty prior to 257 BC Thục Dynasty 257–207 BC First Chinese domination 207 BC – 39 AD • Triệu Dynasty 207–111 BC Trưng Sisters 40–43 Second Chinese domination 43–544 • Lady Triệu's Rebellion 248 Early Lý Dynasty 544–602 • Triệu Việt Vương Third Chinese domination 602–905 • Mai Hắc Đế 722 • Phùng Hưng 791–798 Autonomy 905–938 • Khúc Family 906–930 • Dương Đình Nghệ 931–937 • Kiều Công Tiễn 937–938 Ngô Dynasty 939–967 • The 12 Lords Rebellion 966–968 Đinh Dynasty 968–980 Early Lê Dynasty 980–1009 Lý Dynasty 1009–1225 Trần Dynasty 1225–1400 Hồ Dynasty 1400–1407 Fourth Chinese domination 1407–1427 • Later Trần Dynasty 1407–1413 • Lam Sơn Rebellion 1418–1427 Later Lê Dynasty 1428–1788 • Early Lê 1428–1788 • Restored Lê 1533–1788 • Mạc Dynasty 1527–1592 • Southern and Northern Dynasties 1533–1592 • Trịnh-Nguyễn War 1627–1673 Tây Sơn Dynasty 1778–1802 Nguyễn Dynasty 1802–1945 • Western imperialism 1887–1945 • Empire of Vietnam 1945 Indochina Wars 1945–1975 Partition of Vietnam 1954 • Democratic Republic  of Vietnam 1945–1976 • State of Vietnam 1949–1955 • Republic of Vietnam 1955–1975 • Provisional Revolutionary  Government 1975–1976 Socialist Republic of Vietnam from 1976 Related topics Champa Dynasties 192–1471 List of Vietnamese monarchs Economic history of Vietnam Prehistoric cultures of Vietnam v • d • e

The State of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Quốc gia Việt Nam) was a state that claimed authority over all of Vietnam during the First Indochina War, and replaced the Provisional Central Government of Vietnam (1948-1949). The provisional government was a brief transitional administration between colonial Cochinchina and an independent state. The state was created in 1949 and was internationally recognized in 1950, although its main power was in the south, whereas the Democratic Republic of Vietnam dominated the north. Former emperor Bảo Đại was chief of state (Quốc Trưởng). Ngô Đình Diệm was appointed prime minister in 1954. Diệm ousted Bảo Đại the following year and became president of the Republic of Vietnam.

Contents 1 History 1.1 Unification of Vietnam (1947-1948) 1.2 French Union (1949-1954) 1.3 Partition (1954-1955) 1.4 Republic of Vietnam (1955-1975) 2 Government 2.1 Provisional Central Government of Vietnam (1948-1949) 2.2 State of Vietnam (1949-1955) 2.3 Leaders (1948–1955) 3 Military 3.1 Vietnamese National Army (1949-1955) 4 Economy 4.1 Currency 5 See also

[edit] History

[edit] Unification of Vietnam (1947-1948)

By February 1947, following the pacification of Tonkin (North Vietnam), the Tonkinese capital, Hanoi, and the main traffic axis returned under French control. The derouted Việt Minh partisans were forced to retreat into the jungle and prepared to pursue the war using guerrilla warfare.

In order to reduce Việt Minh leader Hồ Chí Minh’s influence over the Vietnamese population, the French authorities in Indochina supported the return to power of the emperor (last ruler of the Nguyễn Dynasty), Bảo Đại. The latter had been forced to abdicate by the Việt Minh back in August 25, 1945 after the fall of the short-lived Empire of Vietnam, puppet state of the Empire of Japan.

On June 5, 1948, the Halong Bay Agreements (Accords de la baie d’Along) allowed the creation of a unified State of Vietnam replacing the Tonkin (North Vietnam), Annam (Middle Vietnam) and the Republic of Cochinchina (South Vietnam) associated to France within the French Union then including the neighboring Kingdom of Laos and Kingdom of Cambodia.

Since the Halong Bay Agreements resulted in many aspects — excluding the referendum — in the enforcement of the March 6, 1946 Indochinese Independence Convention signed by Communist Hồ Chí Minh’s Democratic Republic of Vietnam and High Commissioner of France in Indochina Admiral Thierry d'Argenlieu, representative of Felix Gouin’s Provisional French Republic led by the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), some regarded the State of Vietnam as a puppet state of the French Fourth Republic.

[edit] French Union (1949-1954)

From 1949 to 1954, the State of Vietnam had partial autonomy from France as an associated state within the French Union.

Bảo Đại fought with Communist leader Hồ Chí Minh for legitimacy as the government of the whole of Vietnam through the struggle between the Vietnamese National Army and the Việt Minh during the First Indochina War.

The State of Vietnam found support in the French Fourth Republic and the United States while Hồ Chí Minh was backed by the People's Republic of China, and to a lesser extent by the Soviet Union.

[edit] Partition (1954-1955)

After the Geneva Conference of 1954, as well as becoming fully independent with its departure from the French Union, the State of Vietnam became territorially confined to those lands of Vietnam south of the 17th parallel, and as such became commonly known as South Vietnam.

The massive migration of anti-Communist north Vietnamese, essentially Roman Catholic people, was proceeded during the French-American Operation Passage to Freedom in summer 1954.

[edit] Republic of Vietnam (1955-1975)

In 1955, the State of Vietnam ceased to exist and was replaced by the Republic of Vietnam whose reformed army pursued the struggle against the Việt Minh in the Vietnam War.

[edit] Government

[edit] Provisional Central Government of Vietnam (1948-1949)

On May 27, 1948, Nguyễn Văn Xuân, then President of the Republic of Cochin China, became President of the Provisional Central Government of Vietnam (Thủ tướng lâm thời) following the merging of the government of Cochin China and Vietnam in what is sometimes referred as “Pre-Vietnam.”

[edit] State of Vietnam (1949-1955)

On June 14, 1949, Bảo Đại was appointed Chief of State (Quoc Truong) of the State of Vietnam; he was concurrently Prime Minister for a short while (Kiêm nhiệm Thủ tướng).

On October 26, 1955, the Republic of Vietnam was established and Ngô Đình Diệm became the first President of the Republic.

[edit] Leaders (1948–1955)

	Name	Took office	Left office	Title
	Nguyễn Văn Xuân	May 27, 1948	July 14, 1949	President of the PCGV
1	Bảo Đại	July 14, 1949	January 21, 1950	Prime Minister; remained Chief of State throughout the State of Vietnam
2	Nguyễn Phan Long	January 21, 1950	April 27, 1950	Prime Minister
3	Trần Văn Hữu	May 6, 1950	June 3, 1952	Prime Minister
4	Nguyễn Văn Tâm	June 23, 1952	December 7, 1953	Prime Minister
5	Bửu Lộc	January 11, 1954	June 16, 1954	Prime Minister
6	Ngô Đình Diệm	June 16, 1954	October 26, 1955	Prime Minister

[edit] Military

[edit] Vietnamese National Army (1949-1955)

Following the signing of the 1949 Elysee Accords in Paris, Bảo Đại was able to create a National Army for defense purpose.

It fought under the State of Vietnam’s banner and leadership and was commanded by General Nguyen Van Hinh.

[edit] Economy

[edit] Currency

The currency used within the French Union was the French Indochinese piastre. Notes were issued and managed by the “Issue Institute of the States of Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam” (Institut d’Emission des Etats du Cambodge, du Laos et du Viêt-Nam).

Preceded by Provisional Central Government of Vietnam

State of Vietnam 1949 - 1955

Succeeded by Republic of Vietnam

[edit] See also

• First Indochina War
• French Indochinese piastre
• Vietnamese National Army
• Colonization of Cochinchina