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Stapleton highlighted on this map of Denver's neighborhoods.

Stapleton International Airport was Denver, Colorado's primary airport from 1929 to 1995. At different times it served as a hub for TWA, People Express, Frontier Airlines and Western Airlines as well as a hub for Continental Airlines and United Airlines at the time of its closure. In 1995, Stapleton was replaced by Denver International Airport. It has now been decommissioned, and redeveloped as a neighborhood.

[edit] History

Stapleton East to West view. Jan, 1966. Only concourses A,B & C existed at that time. A new, modern United Airlines Pilot Training Center was constructed on the vacant land between the airport west boundary and the housing tracts, in subsequent years.

Stapleton South to North view. Jan, 1966. Runway 35 was later designated R35L, after R35R was constructed in subsequent years. The old United Airlines pilot training center buildings, on the airport proper, were still in operation. A UAL DC-8 pilot training flight is making a missed approach, complete with its shadow.

Former Stapleton International Airport from the air (6 February 2006)

Stapleton was opened on October 17, 1929 as Denver Municipal Airport, which was later renamed to Stapleton Airfield after expansion in 1944. The renaming was in honor of Benjamin F. Stapleton, the city's mayor most of the time from 1923 to 1947, and the major force behind the project when it began in 1928. Concourse A, the original building from 1929, still was in operations when the airport closed. The airport was originally created by Ira Boyd Humphreys in 1919.

The facility received a new jet runway and terminal building in 1964. After deregulation, three different airlines operated large hubs out of Stapleton (Frontier Airlines, Continental Airlines, and United Airlines), leading to large levels of congestion. In order to combat the congestion, a new runway was added (18/36) in the 1980s and the terminal was again expanded. Concourse D was built in 1972, and Concourse E was built in 1988. At the time of its closure in 1995, Stapleton sported six runways (2 sets of 3 parallel runways) and five terminal concourses.

In 1982, the inaugural flight of the Boeing 767 landed at Stapleton, after a flight from O'Hare International Airport in Chicago.

The airport scenes in the film Die Hard II were filmed at Stapleton.^[1] One scene of The Shining was shot there.

Stapleton Airport was the subject of studies by Ted Fujita about microbursts.

On February 25, 1995, George Hosford, Air Traffic Controller, cleared the last plane (Continental Flight 34, to London Gatwick) to depart from Stapleton International Airport. This would also mark the end of Denver as a hub for Continental.

[edit] Decommissioning

By the 1980s, plans were underway to replace Stapleton with a new airport. Stapleton was plagued with a number of problems, including:

• inadequate separation between runways, leading to extremely long waits in bad weather
• little or no room for other airlines that proposed/wanted to use Stapleton for new destinations (an example of this was Southwest Airlines.)
• a lawsuit over aircraft noise, brought by residents of nearby Park Hill community
• legal threats by Adams County to block runway extension into Rocky Mountain Arsenal lands.

The Colorado General Assembly brokered a deal in 1985 to annex a plot of land in Adams County into the city of Denver, and use that land to build a new airport. Adams County voters approved the plan in 1988, and Denver voters approved the plan in a referendum in 1989.

A Continental Airlines flight, with a destination of London Gatwick, was the last flight to depart Stapleton. The airport was then shut down on that same day, February 27, 1995. A convoy of vehicles of many kinds (rental cars, baggage carts, fuel trucks, etc.) began their journey over to the new DIA, which officially opened for all operations, the next morning. The runways at Stapleton were then adorned with large yellow "Xs," which indicated it was not legal or safe for any aircraft to land there anymore. The aeronautical chart airport codes of DEN and KDEN were then transferred to the new DIA, to coincide with the same changes in airline and ATC computers, to ensure all flights to Denver would land at the new DIA.^[2]

All of Stapleton's airport infrastructure has been removed except for the control tower and a parking structure which remain standing as a reminder of the site's former days. Shuttle service is provided to DIA from this parking garage.

[edit] Facilities

UAL DC-6, N5414, parked on the northwest maintenance ramp of Stapleton Airport, in September 1966.

At the time of its decommissioning, the airport had the following runways [3]:

• 18/36 (7,750 ft)
• 17R/35L (11,500 ft)
• 17L/35R (12,000 ft)
• 7/25 (4871 ft)
• 8L/26R (8599 ft)
• 8R/26L (10,004 ft)

The old airport terminal had five concourses [4].

• Concourse A (Commuter flights, Mesa Air Group, United Airlines)
• Concourse B (United Airlines)
• Concourse C (Continental Airlines, Frontier Airlines, Mexicana Airlines)
• Concourse D (Trans World Airlines, MarkAir, Delta Air Lines)
• Concourse E (Northwest Airlines, American Airlines, Sun Country)

[edit] Redevelopment

While Denver International was being constructed, planners began to consider how the Stapleton site would be redeveloped. A private group of Denver civic leaders, the Stapleton Development Foundation, convened in 1990 and produced a master plan for the site in 1995, emphasizing a pedestrian-oriented design rather than the automobile-oriented designs found in many other planned developments. Nearly a third of the airport site was slated for redevelopment as public park space.

The former airport site is now being redeveloped by Forest City Enterprises as the largest new urbanist project in the United States. Construction began in 2001, and as of 2008^[update], 3,200 single-family houses, rowhomes, condominiums and other for-sale housing as well as 400 apartments had been built.^[3] The new community is zoned for residential and commercial development, including office parks and "big box" shopping centers. Stapleton is by far the largest neighborhood in the city of Denver and an eastern portion of the redevelopment site lies in the neighboring city of Aurora.

Eventually, Stapleton is expected to be home to at least 30,000 residents, four schools and 2 million square feet (180,000 m²) of retail.^[4]. Northfield Stapleton, one of the development's major retail centers, recently opened.

[edit] Accidents

Several major air crashes involved Stapleton as the origin airport, with three actually occurring at Stapleton. Additionally, a United DC-8 was destroyed after landing at Stapleton.

• On November 1, 1955, United Airlines Flight 629, a Douglas DC-6B airliner, exploded over nearby Longmont while en route to Portland and Seattle from Stapleton, killing all 44 persons aboard. A man named John "Jack" Gilbert Graham was found to have planted a dynamite bomb in a suitcase that was loaded onto the plane in order to murder his mother in revenge for the way he was treated by her as a child. He was executed two years after Flight 629 exploded.
• On July 11, 1961, United Airlines DC-8-12 N8040U was destroyed after landing. Asymmetric thrust on engines 1 & 2 (left wing) forced a loss of control on the runway. The aircraft ended up striking a maintenance vehicle, killing the occupant. In the ensuing disaster, 17 of 122 occupants on the DC-8 perished.
• On August 7, 1975, Continental Airlines Flight 426 crashed due to windshear after taking off and climbing to 100 feet on runway 35L. Nobody was killed in the accident.
• On November 16, 1976, a Texas International DC-9-10 aircraft stalled after takeoff at Stapleton and crashed. The 81 passengers and 5 crewmembers escaped but with 14 injuries.
• On December 28, 1978, United Airlines Flight 173, which took off from Stapleton, ran out of fuel circling near Portland, while the flight deck investigated landing gear problems. The DC-8-61 ran out of fuel after the crew decided to "go-around" one more time prior to landing. Ten people died while 179 survived.
• On November 15, 1987, Continental Airlines Flight 1713, a DC-9-14 jetliner bound for Boise, crashed on takeoff at Stapleton during an early season snowstorm. The probable cause of the crash was the failure of the flight crew to have the aircraft de-iced prior to take-off and the over-rotation of the aircraft on take-off. Twenty-eight people were killed, while 54 survived.
• On July 19, 1989, United Airlines Flight 232, a DC-10-10, crash-landed at the Sioux City, Iowa airport on a flight which originated at Stapleton. Flight 232 experienced a catastrophic engine failure over Alta, Iowa on a flight to Chicago, Illinois. One hundred and twelve people died in the crash, while 184 survived.
• On March 3, 1991, United Airlines Flight 585 was on final approach to Colorado Springs from Stapleton when the 737-200 spun out of control. All 20 passengers and 5 crew were killed.

[edit] External links

• Stapleton redevelopment project
• Bluff Lake Nature Center is an urban wildlife refuge, outdoor classroom and urban natural area located on the former Stapleton Airport property.
• Airport history
• Stapleton retail center
• Example of Stapleton Builder
• Example of Stapleton Colorado New Home Builder
• Stapleton Airport Photographs

Coordinates: 39°46′45″N 104°52′55″W / 39.779255°N 104.88184°W / 39.779255; -104.88184

[edit] References

1. ^ IMBD [1]
2. ^ Freeman, Stapleton International Airport [2]
3. ^ http://denver.bizjournals.com/denver/stories/2008/08/18/story12.html
4. ^ http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2006-10-26-100-million_x.htm USA Today