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Soldier
German soldiers in Bosnia
Occupation
Type	Profession
Activity sectors	Military
Description
Competencies	Physical and intellectual abilities Stamina Mindset
Fields of employment	Army
Related jobs	Commando SWAT Police officer Mercenary

A soldier is a member of the land component of national armed forces; whereas a soldier hired for service in a foreign army would be termed a mercenary.^[1] In most languages, "soldier" includes commissioned and non-commissioned officers in national land forces.

[edit] Non-English equivalents

The common Roman's origin for the words soldier and payment survives not only in French as soldat and solde, but also in other languages, like German Soldat and Sold, Spanish soldado and sueldo, Portuguese soldado and soldo, Dutch soldaat and soldij, Italian "soldato" and "soldo", Arabic "جندي" (Jondi), or "مجنّد" (mojannad), or "عسكر" (askar) in the Lebanese Dialect, Turkish asker.

In the Russian language the word soldier is also "солдат" ("soldat"), although it is not related to the Russian word for money, but was borrowed from German use. In some languages the word soldier is derived from different etymology. For example Estonian "sõdur" is derived from word "sõda," which means "war." And Finnish "sotilas" or "soturi", and "sota" meaning "war".

[edit] Occupational designations

In most armed forces the word soldier has been mostly abandoned, due to the increasing specialisation of military occupations that require different areas of knowledge and skill-sets. As a result, 'soldier' has been replaced by names which reflect an individual's military occupation specialty Arm, Service or Branch of military employment, their type of unit, or operational employment or technical use such as: trooper, tanker, Commando, dragoon, infantryman, marine, paratrooper, ranger, sniper, engineer, sapper, or a gunner.

U.S. Army Soldiers in Baghdad, Iraq in 2007

[edit] Other terms

In many countries soldiers serving in specific occupations are referred to by terms other than their occupational name. For example military police personnel in the U.K. are known as "redcaps" from the colour of their berets or other headwear.

In the United States Army and the United States Marine Corps, infantrymen are called "grunts", while artillerymen are sometimes referred to as "redlegs", from the branch color for artillery. In the UK Royal Artillery men are occasionally known as "drop shorts" due to their alleged propensity for dropping rounds short of the intended target.

French Marine Infantry are called marsouins (porpoises) because of their amphibious role. Military units in most armies have nicknames of this type, arising either from items of distinctive uniform, some historical connotation or rivalry between branches or regiments.

For example, U.S. Marines are sometimes called jar-heads because of their "high and tight" haircuts and the way they wear their hats makes their heads look like the cap of a jar or decanter.

[edit] See also

• Army
• Military use of children
• Women in the military
• Navy
• Airforce
• Marines

[edit] References

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Soldier

• US Army from American Revolution to 2006