Skokie:
Skokie (formerly Niles Center) is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. It is a Chicago suburb, on the northwest border of the city, that, per the 2000 census, had a population of 63,348.
[edit] Geography
The Village of Skokie, Illinois, U.S., is at co-ordinates 42°2′13″N 87°44′24″W / 42.03694, -87.74 (42.037030, -87.740070) [2]; per the United States Census Bureau, its total area is 10.0 square miles (26.0 km²), all land. The village is bordered by Evanston, Chicago, Lincolnwood, Niles, Morton Grove, Glenview, and Wilmette.
The village's street circulation is a standard street-grid pattern, with major east-west thoroughfare every half-mile: Old Orchard Road, Golf Road, Church Street, Dempster Street, Main Street, Oakton Street, Howard Street, and Touhy Avenue. The major north-south thoroughfares are Skokie Boulevard, Crawford Avenue, and McCormick Boulevard; the major diagonal streets are Lincoln Avenue, Niles Center Road, and Gross Point Road.
Skokie's north-south streets continue the street names and (house number) grid values of Chicago's north-south streets — with the notable exceptions of Cicero Avenue, which is renamed Skokie Boulevard, in Skokie, and Chicago's Pulaski Road retains its original Chicago City name, Crawford Avenue. The east-west streets continue Evanston's street names, but with Chicago grid values, such that, Evanston's Dempster Street is 8800 north, in Skokie addresses. Resultantly, the Village of Skokie has two Greenleaf streets, the first, west-bound from Rogers Park (a city neighbourhood), south of Touhy Avenue, the second, west-bound from Evanston, south of Dempster Street.
[edit] Public Transport
The Chicago Transit Authority's Yellow Line rapid transit train (formerly the Skokie Swift) has its terminus at the Dempster Street station in Skokie. Currently, plans are underway to build a new Yellow Line train station at Oakton Street, to serve downtown Skokie and environs, it is slated to open in 2009.
Although the Yellow Line is the principal, and fastest transport to and from the city, the Village also is served with CTA and PACE bus routes and a Greyhound Bus Terminal at the Dempster Street train station. For automobile transport, Interstate 94, the Edens Expressway, traverses western Skokie, with interchanges at Touhy Avenue, Dempster Street, and Old Orchard Road.
[edit] Demographic composition
Per the census[3] of 2000, the Village of Skokie was composed of 63,348 people who formed in 23,223 households containing 17,045 families. The village's population density was 6,308.70 people per square mile (2,436.1/km²) living in 23,702 housing units (average population density: 2,360.4/square mile [911.5/km²]). The Village's racial composition was: 65.6% White, 4.51% African American, 0.17% Native American, 21.28% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.86% from other races, 3.23% from two or more races, and the Hispanic and Latino, of any race, were 5.71% of the village's population.
The 23,223 households comprise: 32.2% with minority-age children (younger than 18 years), 60.5% were cohabiting married couples, 9.9% of households were headed by a woman (with no husband present), and 26.6% were non-family cohabitants, 23.6% were single-person households, and 13.6% included an elder person (65 years of age or older). The average Skokie household size was 2.68 persons, and the average household family size was 3.20 persons.
Chronologically, Skokie's age population comprises: 23.0% of minority age (younger than 18 years); 7.0% aged from 18 to 24 years; 25.0% aged from 25 to 44, 25.5% aged from 45 to 64, and 19.6% aged 65 years and older. The median Villager's age is 42 years; for every woman younger than 18 years, there were 90.1 men; for every 100 women age 18 and older, there were 85.2 men.
Financially, Skokie's median household income was $57,375; the median family income was $68,253; a man's median income was $44,869; a woman's median income was $33,051. The per capitum income is approximately $27,136; 4.2% of families and 5.4% of the population lived on an income inferior to the Government's Federal poverty line income, including 5.9% of children under 18 and 5.3% of elders aged 65 years and older.
Since the 1950s, the Village of Skokie is home to a large Jewish community, today the population is very racially diverse and integrated. The Village of Skokie have built synagogues that continue attracting the world's Jewish immigrants (most recently from post-Communist Russia) to settle in the Village. [4]
[edit] History
[edit] Beginnings
A 1925 Chicago-style bungalow in Skokie.
In 1888, Skokie originally was incorporated and named Niles Centre, with the second word's spelling in French. Around 1910, the spelling of the Village's name was anglicised, to Niles Center; nevertheless, the Village's name caused its confusion with neighbour village Niles, Illinois, given that both villages were in Niles Township, in the event, in the 1930s there emerged a village-renaming campaign, finally, on 15 November 1940, Niles Center became the Village of Skokie.
In the real estate boom of the 1920s, the lands of the Village were much subdivided; many two- and three-flat apartment buildings were built, with the Chicago-style bungalow a dominant architectural specimen, until the Great Crash of 1929, and consequent Great Depression, stopped the boom, rendering the Village homeostatic. It was not until the 1940s and the 1950s, when the baby boom generation moved their families from Chicago to the suburbs, that Skokie's housing development began again. Consequently, the Village developed commercially, an example being the Old Orchard Shopping Center, currently named Westfield Old Orchard.
[edit] Toponymy
Virgil Vogel's Indian Place Names in Illinois (Illinois State Historical Society, 1963), records the name Skokie deriving “directly from skoutay or scoti and variant Algonquian words for fire. The reference is to the fact that the marshy grasslands, such as occurred in the Skokie region, were burned over, by the Indians, in order to flush out the game” and “Several persons declare that Skokie is the Indian word for marsh ”.
Allowing for inevitable usage corruptions, this seems correct, because, until about thirty years ago, maps named the Skokie marsh as Chewab Skokie, a probable derivation from Kitchi-wap choku, the Potawatomi term denoting great marsh. Though undocumented, this explanation is credible, because it consists with the Skokie area's former physiography. Like-wise, Skokie might derive from the same Algonquian roots as derives the word Chicago — zh'gak and sh'kag, two, different voicings of the base words for skunk and wild leek in languages of this group. Moreover, in Native Placenames of the United States (U. of Oklahoma Pr, 2004), William Bright lists Vogel's Potawatomi derivation first, but adds reference to the Ojibwa term miishkooki (marsh) recorded in the Eastern Ojibwa-Chippewa-Ottawa Dictionary (Mouton, 1985), by Richard A. Rhodes.
[edit] NSPA Controversy
In 1977 and 1978, Illinois Nazis of the National Socialist Party of America (derived from the American Nazi Party) attempted to demonstrate their political existence with a march in Skokie — at the City's north western border — far from their south side headquarters. Originally, the NSPA had planned a political rally in Marquette Park, in the south side of Chicago, to which the City reacted against, first, by requiring the NSPA post an onerous public-safety-insurance bond, then, by banning all political demonstrations in Marquette Park.
Seeking another free-speech political venue, the NSPA chose to march on Skokie. Given the many Holocaust survivors living in Skokie, the Village's Government thought the Nazi march would be politically provocative and socially disruptive, and refused the NSPA its permission. In the event, the American Civil Liberties Union interceded in behalf of the NSPA, in the case of the National Socialist Party of America v. Village of Skokie, wherein an Illinois appeals court raised the injunction issued by a Cook County Circuit Court judge, ruling that the presence of the swastika, the Nazi emblem, would constitute deliberate provocation of the people of Skokie, however, the Court also ruled that Skokie's attorneys had failed to prove that either the Nazi uniform or their printed materials, alleged the Nazis intended to distribute, would incite violence. [5]
Moreover, because Chicago subsequently lifted its Marquette Park political demonstration ban, the NSPA ultimately held its rally in Chicago. In 1981, the attempted Illinois Nazi march on Skokie was dramatised in the television movie, Skokie.
[edit] Tragic occurrences
In 1934, the cadaver of gangster Lester Gillis — Baby Face Nelson — was dumped at the entrance to the St. Peter Catholic Cemetery, a Skokie cemetery. [6]
In 1999, on the 4th of July week end, Creativity Movement disciple Benjamin Nathaniel Smith went on a racist, random shooting spree, killing African-Americans in drive-by shootings in Illinois and Indiana. Among the people he killed was the black man Ricky Byrdsong (former Northwestern University basketball coach), near his (Byrdsong's) house in Skokie.
In December of 2000, the Skokie courthouse, on Old Orchard Road, became the stage for a second, political-free-speech demonstration by a racist, anti-Semitic organisation, the Ku Klux Klan, who were like-wise countered by Anti-Racist Action and the Jewish Defense League counter-protests.[citation needed]
[edit] Film history
These films were photographed in Skokie:
Skokie is referred to in the film The Usual Suspects: the Verbal Kint character claims having been in “a barbershop quartet in Skokie, Illinois”, an idea he derived from the brand name of a bulletin board made by the Quartet company, in Skokie, until it moved to Northbrook, Illinois, in 2006. skokie is referred to once in the sitcom two of a kind. a charachter named paul claims to have a brother that lives in skokie
[edit] Notable residents
[edit] Notable corporations
[edit] Sister city
In 1967, Skokie, Illinois, and Porbandar, India, became sister cities; Porbandar is Mahatma Gandhi's birthplace. Later, the Village erected a statue of India's "Father of the Nation", on the McCormick bicycling trail, between Dempster and Church steets.
[edit] Economy
The Village's AAA bond rating attests to strong economic health via prudent fiscal management. In 2003, Skokie became the U.S.'s first municipality to achieve nationally-accredited Police, Fire, and Public Works departments, and a Class-1 fire department, per the Insurance Services Office (ISO) ratings. Like-wise in 2003, Money magazine named Skokie, Illinois, among the 80 fastest-growing suburbs in the U.S.
Besides strong manufacturing and retail commerce bases, Skokie's economy will add health sciences jobs; in 2003, Forest City Enterprises announced their re-development of the vacant Pfizer research laboratories, in downtown Skokie, as the Illinois Science + Technology Park, a 23-acre (93,000 m2) campus of research installations (2-million ft.² [180,000 m²] of chemistry, genomics, toxicology laboratories, clean rooms, NMR suites, conference rooms, etc). In 2006, the Evanston Northwestern Healthcare company announced installing their consolidated data center operations at the park, adding 500 jobs to the economy; also, cartographer Rand McNally and online grocer Peapod have offices in Skokie.
[edit] Parks and recreation
North Shore Center for Performing Arts in Skokie
The Skokie Park District protects natural resources, preserves historical sites and provides unique recreational opportunities within its more than 240 acres (0.97 km2) of parkland and in its ten facilities. The district is a recent winner of the national "Gold Medal for Excellence" in parks and recreation management. Skokie is home to one of the most diverse populations in the Chicago suburbs. To celebrate this diversity, every May since 1991, the park district hosts the Skokie Festival of Cultures.
Skokie also has a sculpture garden that is situated between McCormick Avenue and north channel of the Chicago river (Sanitary canal). It was started in 1988 and now has over 70 sculptures.[7]
Just north of the sculpture garden is a statue to Mahatma Gandhi with five of his famous quotations engraved around the base. This was dedicated on October 2, 2004.[8]
The Village is also home to the state of the art North Shore Center for the Performing Arts, encompassing Centre East, Northlight Theatre and the Skokie Valley Symphony Orchestra. The facility celebrated its 10th anniversary in 2006.
[edit] Schools
[edit] High schools
- Niles West of District 219
- Niles North of District 219
- Niles East of District 219 (closed and building razed)
- Evanston Township High School of District 202 (only serves students who live on the border of Skokie and Evanston east of Crawford, south of Golf and north of Greenleaf St. in zipcode 60203 and a small part of zipcode 60076)
- Niles Township District 219 was awarded the Kennedy Center for Performing Arts Top program for fine arts education in the United States on April 27, 2007.
[edit] Elementary schools
- Jane Stenson School, (K through 5th) of District 68
- Devonshire School, (K through 5th) of District 68
- Highland School, (K through 5th) of District 68
- Madison School, (pre-K through 2nd) of District 69
- Edison School, (3rd through 5th) of District 69
- Fairview North formerly of District 72
- Fairview South School, (K through 8th) of District 72
- Cleveland School, (K through 6th) of District 73.5 (school closed and building razed)
- Elizabeth Meyer School, (pre-K and K) of District 73.5
- John Middleton School, (1st through 5th) of District 73.5
- East Prairie School, (Pre-K through 8th) of District 73
- Walker Elementary School, (K through 5th, located in Skokie) of Skokie/Evanston District 65
- Dr. Bessie Rhodes Magnet School, (K through 8th, located in Skokie) of Skokie/Evanston District 65, formerly Timber Ridge Magnet School (may be attended by Skokie students in District 65)
- Martin Luther King, Jr. Laboratory School, (K through 8th magnet school, located in Evanston) of Skokie/Evanston District 65 (may be attended by Skokie students in District 65)
[edit] Jewish day schools
- Arie Crown Hebrew Day School, (pre-K through 8th) Orthodox Judaism
- Cheder Lubavitch Hebrew Day School, (pre-K through 8th) Orthodox Judaism, separate boys and girls programs
- Hillel Torah North Suburban Day School, (pre-K through 8th) Orthodox Judaism
- Skokie Solomon Schechter Day School, (K through 5th) Conservative Judaism
- Fasman Yeshiva High School, (9th through 12th) Orthodox Judaism, boys only
[edit] Catholic elementary schools
- Saint Peter School, Downtown Skokie
- Saint Joan of Arc School, northeast Skokie/Evanston
[edit] Junior high schools
See the same map as elementary schools.
- Oliver McCracken Middle School, (formerly Oakview Junior High) of District 73.5
- East Prairie Middle School, (Pre-K through 8th) of District 73
- Fairview South School of District 72
- Lincoln Junior High of District 69
- Old Orchard Junior High of District 68
- Chute Middle School of Skokie/Evanston District 65
[edit] Higher education
- Oakton Community College (Ray Hartstein Campus) This is the site of the old Niles East High School. The original structure, built in the 1930s, was demolished in the 1990s.
- Hebrew Theological College, a private university. It was chartered in 1922 as one of the first Modern Orthodox Jewish institutions of higher education in America.
- Ort Technical Institute, [2] For over 125 years ORT has been training people in over 60 countries for jobs in technical fields.
- Knowledge Systems Institute (KSI), a private graduate school of computer and information sciences. KSI is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools (NCA).
[edit] Library
On October 7, 2008, Skokie Public Library received the 2008 National Medal for Museum and Library Service from First Lady Laura Bush in a ceremony at the White House. The National Medal is awarded annually by the federal Institutue of Museum and Library Services, the primary source of federal support for the nation's 122,000 libraries and 17,500 museums, to 5 libraries and 5 museums. Skokie Public Library is the first public library in Illinois to be awarded the medal.[9]
[edit] Population trends
- 1900 - 529
- 1910 - 568
- 1920 - 763
- 1930 - 5,007
- 1940 - 7,172
- 1950 - 14,832
- 1960 - 59,364
- 1970 - 68,627
- 1980 - 60,278
- 1990 - 59,432
- 2000 - 63,348
- 2006 - 66,659[3]
[edit] References
[edit] Bibliography
- When the Nazis Came to Skokie: Freedom for Speech We Hate, Philippa Strum, University Press of Kansas (31 Mar 1999), ISBN 0700609415
- Skokie, 1888-1988: A centennial history, Richard Whittingham, Village of Skokie (1988), ASIN B00071EORW [4]
- The industrialization of the Skokie area, James Byron Kenyon, University Of Chicago Press (1954), ASIN B0007DMRX8
[edit] External links
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