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John J. Seaberg, MD, FACS - Photo Gallery - Case #12 seaberg.info | FINR - Dogwood 12-bed Intensive Residence finr.net | Manhattan Plastic Surgery - Photo Gallery - Case #12 chandlercosmeticsurgery.c... |
J-XX [2] (or J-X), [2][3] XXJ[2] and F-XX are names applied by Western intelligence sources to describe a programme or programmes by the People's Republic of China to develop one or more new fourth- or fifth-generation fighter aircraft.
[edit] HistoryIn 2002, Jane's Defence Weekly reported that Shenyang Aircraft Corporation had been selected to head research and development of the new fighter,[3] a claim repeated in New Scientist the same week.[4] However, a 2006 article in Military Technology referred to three designs; Shenyang J-12 and Shenyang J-14 by Shenyang Aircraft Corporation and Chengdu J-13 by Chengdu Aircraft Corporation.[2]. According to the report from Jane's, development of the subsystems, including the engine and weapon suite for the next generation fighter, has been under way for some time. A photograph of a wind tunnel model published with the article showed a twin-engine aircraft with twin vertical tail fins. The article text mentioned that the aircraft would carry its weapons internally like the F-22 Raptor. New Scientist called attention to the angular, faceted features of the design, comparing them to the F-117 Nighthawk. Jane's also linked the programme with China's development of an engine with thrust vectoring capability. The later report in Military Technology featured a picture of a completely different design, speculatively dubbed J-14 and said to be a Shenyang project, with the designations J-12 and J-13 being applied to (possibly competing) designs by Shenyang and Chengdu respectively. The U.S. Department of Defense expects China to have a handful of fifth generation fighters in service between 2020 and 2025, according to statements made by U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert M. Gates in July 2009.[5] According to the PLA's Deputy Commander He Weirong (何为荣), the Chinese fifth generation fighter is expected to be in service with the PLAAF by 2020. [6] [7] In November 2009 it was confirmed by Ho Weirong, deputy commander of the Chinese air force, that "intense" research and development work on the fifth generation stealth fighter was ongoing. Being developed by Chengdu Aircraft Corporation and Shenyang Aircraft Corporation, the aircraft has not yet been given a designation but is expected to be unveiled within the next 10 years and would enter service by 2020, according to Weirong.[8] Another source quotes Weirong as saying the aircraft would enter service within 8 to 10 years, giving possible in-service dates of 2017 to 2019.[9] A U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency official commenting on Weirong's claims stated the DIA believes a first flight of the J-XX "will occur in the next few years", but it is also believed that operational deployment of the fighter "in meaningful numbers" will not take place "for about 10 years."[10] U.S. Air Force and U.S. intelligence officials have stated their belief that China likely has all the resources, data and technology required to build a fifth generation fighter. However, doubts remain on whether China has enough knowledge in areas such as systems engineering, integration and production processes to build a fighter comparable to U.S. stealth designs which can also be produced in large numbers. It is speculated that the fighter may not be an "all-aspect" stealth design by some sources, for this reason. [11] [edit] DesignThe general design concept of the J-XX is that of a fifth generation fighter which incorporates stealth, supercruise, super-manoeuvrability and short take-off capabilities, abbreviated "4S".[12] One or more of the proposed designs are believed to incorporate several design features for increasing stealth and manoeuvrability while decreasing weight and drag. A V-shaped pelikan tail could be implemented, replacing conventional vertical tail fins and horizontal stabiliser structures. This would be beneficial for reduction of radar signature, weight and aerodynamic drag, since control surface area and corresponding control mechanisms are reduced. Problems faced by this type of design are flight control system complexity and control surface loading. If the pelikan tail is adopted, use of engines with thrust vector control may alleviate these problems.[13] The new fighter may have a significantly longer fuselage than other fifth generation fighter designs such as the F-22, for reduction of transonic and supersonic drag.[14] A trapezoidal wing may be implemented for reduction of drag and radar signature.[15] Use of an 's'-shaped air inlet and boundary layer separation system would greatly reduce radar signature.[16] [edit] See also[edit] References
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