Nefertari playing Senet. Painting in tomb of Egyptian Queen Nefertari (1295–1255 BC)

A Senet game from the tomb of Amenhotep III — the Brooklyn Museum, New York City

Senet (or senat^[1]), a board game from predynastic and ancient Egypt, is the oldest board game whose ancient existence has been confirmed, dating to circa 3500 BC.^[2] The full name of the game in Egyptian was zn.t n.t ḥˁb meaning the "game of passing."

[edit] History

Senet may be the oldest board game in the world. It has been found in Predynastic and First Dynasty burials of Egypt,^[2] circa 3500 BC and 3100 BC respectively. Senet is also featured in a painting from the tomb of Merknera (3300–2700 BC) (see external links below). Another painting of this ancient game is from the Third Dynasty tomb of Hesy (c. 2686–2613 BC). It is also depicted in a painting in the tomb of Rashepes (c. 2500 BC).

By the time of the New Kingdom in Egypt (1567–1085 BC), it had become a kind of talisman for the journey of the dead. Because of the element of luck in the game and the Egyptian belief in determinism, it was believed that a successful player was under the protection of the major gods of the national pantheon: Ra, Thoth, and sometimes Osiris. Consequently, Senet boards were often placed in the grave alongside other useful objects for the dangerous journey through the afterlife and the game is referred to in Chapter XVII of the Book of the Dead. The game was also adopted in the Levant and as far as Cyprus and Crete but with apparently less religious significance.

[edit] Gameplay

The Senet gameboard is a grid of thirty squares, arranged in three rows of ten. A senet game has two sets of pawns (at least five of each and, in some sets, more). The actual rules of the game are a topic of some debate, although historians have made educated guesses. Timothy Kendall and R.C. Bell are two Senet historians who have proposed (different) sets of rules to play the game. These rules have been adopted by different companies which make Senet sets for sale today.

[edit] See also

• Mehen, another ancient Egyptian game.
• Hounds and Jackals, another ancient Egyptian game.
• Tâb, a Middle Eastern game with a similar board.
• Patolli

[edit] References

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Senet

• Play a version of Senet online at the British Museum
• Play a version of Senet online at the Cleveland Museum of Art
• Play another variant version of Senet online
• Egyptians games