The Sea Empress that ran aground on 15 February 1996

The Sea Empress was a single-hull oil tanker that ran aground near the southwest coast of Wales in February 1996. The ensuing oil spill affected a considerable area of nearby coastline. Pembrokeshire was suffering for over a year after the incident. Most of the birds in the area died and the oil made tourist-dependable beaches very ugly and black.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Statistics

• Vessel name: Sea Empress
• Home port: Monrovia, Liberia
• Owners: Alegrete Shipping Co, Inc., Monrovia
• Construction: 1993 (delivered)
• Country of construction: Spain
• Length overall: 274.3 meters (899.93 ft)
• Beam: 43.2 meters (141.73 ft)
• Draft: 17.02 meters (55.84 ft) loaded
• Displacement: 147,273 tonnes deadweight (162,340 tons US)
• Capacity: 164,156 cubic meters (1,032,510 barrels)
• Propulsion: direct-drive diesel, single propeller
• Engine rating: 13,475 kW (18,061.96 horsepower)
• Classification society: Det Norske Veritas^[1]

[edit] Grounding

Map showing the location where the Sea Empress hit the rocks.

On the evening of 15 February 1996 the Sea Empress was entering the mouth of the Cleddau Estuary on her way into Milford Haven in Pembrokeshire to deposit its oil cargo at the Texaco oil refinery. Sailing against the outgoing tide, at 20:07 UTC the ship was pushed off its course by the current, and hit rocks in the middle of the channel, which punctured her starboard hull causing oil to pour out into the bay.^[2]

[edit] Short-term effects

Over the first few days of the disaster an estimated 73,000 tonnes out of the ship's 130,000 tonne cargo of North Sea crude oil spilt onto the surrounding coast, causing a great deal of environmental and aesthetic damage to the coastline and its marine life and wildlife in an area which lies within the protection of the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park.

[edit] Birds

Cleanup in difficult places still ongoing over a year later near Angle Bay

The most visible effect of the spill was seen in the large number of oil covered birds that were shown on television and in newspapers.^[3] Amongst the birds affected were guillemots, razorbills and the worst affected bird, the Common Scoter duck. 83% of the birds affected were Common Scoter, and it is estimated that 5000 of the 15000 population in the area were killed.^[4][5] The RSPB set up a temporary bird hospital in Milford Haven to try and treat as many birds as possible. This centre is now a storage area but in the aftermath of the Sea Empress disaster it became a hive of activity where many birds were showered and cleaned as best as possible. Unfortunately the life expectancy of a cleaned bird that was oiled once it was let back into the sea was a very short 9 days. Members of the public also helped rescue the birds.^[3] It was later revealed in a study by the British Trust for Ornithology that the average survival time for a rescued oiled bird was seven days.^[5]

[edit] Seals

Although the Sea Empress ran aground near to a breeding area for the grey seal, the time of year meant that only a minority of seals were in the area. Although some seals showed signs of oil on their coats, there is no record of a seal dying as a result of the spill.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Beaches

200 kilometres of coastline were covered in crude oil.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Long-term effects

The total cost of the cleanup operation was approximately £60 million^[6]

It took almost five years for the coastline to be fully cleaned up and restored by the Pembrokeshire Council and wildlife conservationalists.

The oil tanker was recovered and was subsequently renamed, continuing to operate until 2004. There was much speculation in the media at the time over the fate and unreliability of old single hull tankers which had been the cause of another disaster in Scotland just a year earlier.

[edit] See also

• Oil tanker
• Supertanker
• In Sides

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• The Sea Empress: A Diary Of Events pembrokeshiretv.com
• Sea Empress tanker photos
• BBC News: 10 years on

Coordinates: 51°40′42″N 5°09′46″W / 51.67833°N 5.16278°W / 51.67833; -5.16278