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This article is about the American comics creator and theorist. For the fictional character of the same name, see Space Angel. For the vocalist/guitarist of the same name, see Girls Against Boys.
Scott McCloud (born Scott McLeod on June 10, 1960) is an American cartoonist and theorist on comics as a distinct literary and artistic non-linear medium.
[edit] Biography McCloud was born in Boston, Massachusetts and spent most of his childhood in Lexington, Massachusetts. He obtained his Bachelor of Fine Arts in illustration from Syracuse University. McCloud created the light-hearted science fiction/superhero comic book series Zot! in 1984, in part as a reaction to the increasingly grim direction that superhero comics were taking in the 1980s. His other print comics include Destroy!! (a deliberately over-the-top, over-sized single-issue comic book, intended as a parody of formulaic superhero fights), the graphic novel The New Adventures of Abraham Lincoln (done with a mixture of computer-generated and manually-drawn digital images), 12 issues writing DC Comics' Superman Adventures, and the three-issue limited series Superman: Strength.[2] He is best known as a comics theorist or as some say, the "Aristotle of comics",[3] following the publication in 1993 of Understanding Comics, a wide-ranging exploration of the definition, history, vocabulary, and methods of the medium of comics, itself in comics form.[4] He followed in 2000 with Reinventing Comics (also in comics form), in which he outlined twelve "revolutions" that he argued would be keys to the growth and success of comics as a popular and creative medium. In Understanding Comics, McCloud stresses the importance of understanding time and space and how readers misinterpret the author's message behind each comic. For example, he addresses how time in a comic frame is supposed to be seen as multiple variations of time where several things are happening at different moments in the same space. However, readers go through comics and don't realize that more than one moment in time has been occurring; this frustration is shared by McCloud and many other artists. He also emphasizes how readers are so used to reading in a left-to-right or up-to-down direction that they start to feel as if comics are a linear medium, when in reality, readers have the option of changing the direction of what they are reading. In this day and age, people are conditioned to read in a left to right, concrete fashion. Throwing them outside of this programmed path confuses people. They are not used to the fact that, as a reader, they have choices in which direction they would like their comic story experience to go. His goal in publishing this piece was to spread awareness of the essence behind comics by teaching readers the basic theme behind them. Finally, in 2006, he released Making Comics. Following publication, he went on a tour with his family that included all 50 U.S. states and parts of Europe.[5] He was one of the earliest promoters of webcomics as a distinct variety of comics,[citation needed] and a vocal supporter of micropayments.[6] He was also an adviser to BitPass, a company that provided an online micropayment system, which he helped launch with the publication of The Right Number, an online graphic novella priced at US$0.25 for each chapter. McCloud maintains an active online presence on his web site where he publishes many of his ongoing experiments with comics produced specifically for the web. Among the techniques he explores is the "infinite canvas" permitted by a web browser, allowing panels to be spatially arranged in ways not possible in the finite, two-dimensional, paged format of a physical book.[7] His latest work is a comic book that formed the press release introducing Google's web browser, Google Chrome, which was published on September 1, 2008.[8] [edit] Creator's Bill of RightsMcCloud was the principal author of the Creator's Bill of Rights, a 1988 document with the stated aim of protecting the rights of comic book creators and help aid against the exploitation of comic artists and writers by corporate work-for-hire practices.[9] The group that adopted the Bill also included artists Kevin Eastman, Dave Sim, and Stephen R. Bissette.[10] The Bill included twelve rights such as "The right to full ownership of what we fully create," and "The right to prompt payment of a fair and equitable share of profits derived from all of our creative work."[11] [edit] 24-hour comicIn 1990, McCloud coined the idea of a 24-hour comic, a complete 24-page comic created by a single cartoonist in 24 consecutive hours. It was a mutual challenge with cartoonist Steve Bissette, intended to compel creative output with a minimum of self-restraining contemplation.[12] Thousands of cartoonists have since taken up the challenge. One of the notables to take up this challenge include Kevin Eastman, co-creator of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. Rick Veitch also took up this challenge and used it as a springboard for his popular comic Rarebit Fiends. Dave Sim used some of his work from this challenge in his comic [13]. Neil Gaiman finished his story in the 24 hours and created "The Gaiman Variation".[14] Gaiman's participation was later lampooned in "Ghastly's Ghastly Comic", calling him "Neil 'Eighteen Pages' Gaiman". [edit] Quotes
[edit] Bibliography
[edit] Notes
[edit] References
[edit] External links
[edit] Interviews
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