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Samsun
File:Samsun Kolajı.jpg Samsun
Samsun Location of Samsun
Coordinates: 41°17′N 36°20′E / 41.283°N 36.333°E / 41.283; 36.333
Country	Turkey
Region	Black Sea
Province	Samsun
Area
- Total	9.083 km2 (3.5 sq mi)
Population (2008)
- Total	1,233,677
Time zone	EET (UTC+2)
- Summer (DST)	EEST (UTC+3)
Postal code
Area code(s)	(+90) 362
Licence plate	55
Website	www.samsun.bel.tr

Samsun is a city in northern Turkey, on the coast of the Black Sea, with a population of 725,111 as of 2007. It is the capital city of Samsun Province and an important port. Samsun was founded as the colony Amisos (alternative spelling Amisus, Eis Amison - meaning to amisos took the name Samsunta or Samsus (Eis Amison - Samson - Samsounta) as in Greek + ounta "Greek toponomical suffix".^[1] ) by settlers from Miletus in the 7th century BC.

Contents 1 History 2 Geography 2.1 Rivers 2.2 Lakes 3 Sites 4 Travel 5 Climate 6 Economy 7 Education 8 Places to see 9 International relations 9.1 Twin towns — Sister cities 10 Notable natives 11 See also 12 References 13 External links

[edit] History

Samsun's ideal combination of fertile ground and shallow waters has attracted numerous trade interests. Greek colonists settled in the 6th century BC and established a flourishing trade relationship with the ancient peoples of Anatolia. At that time, Samsun was part of the Greek colony of Amisus. In the 3rd century BC, Samsun came under the expanded rule of the Kingdom of Pontus. The Kingdom of Pontus had been part of the empire of Alexander the Great. However, the empire was fractured soon after Alexander's death in the 4th century BC. At its height, the kingdom controlled the north of central Anatolia and mercantile towns on the northern Black Sea shores.

The Romans took over in 47 BC, and were replaced by the Byzantines after the fall of Rome. In 1200 Samsun was captured by the Seljuks, to be later taken over by the İlhanlılar. Samsun was incorporated into the network of Genoese trading posts and was taken by the Ottomans in the beginning of the 15th century. Before leaving, the Genoese razed the town.

Atatürk founded the Turkish republic movement at Samsun and it served as its base during the Turkish War of Independence.

The city is a Roman Catholic titular see.

[edit] Geography

Samsun is situated between two river deltas which jut into the Black Sea. It is located at the end of an ancient route from Cappadocia: the Amisos of antiquity lay on the headland northwest of the modern city. To Samsun's west, lies the Kızılırmak ("Red River", the Halys of antiquity), one of the longest rivers in Anatolia and its fertile delta. To the east, lie the Yeşilırmak ("Green River", the Iris of antiquity) and its delta.

[edit] Rivers

Terme river, Yeşilırmak, Aptal river, Mert river, Kürtün river, Kızılırmak ^[2]

[edit] Lakes

Akgöl, Dumanlı, Semenlik

[edit] Sites

Archaeological Sites: 41 Urban Sites: 4 Natural Sites: 7 Historical Sites: 1

Other Sites

Archaeological and Natural Sites: 3 Total: 56 Cultural (at Single Construction Scale) and Natural Heritages: 369 TOTAL: 424

[edit] Travel

Highway: coach station is out of the city, but the most of bus companies provide a free transfer to there, if you have a ticket. Details could be found at ticket sales offices ^{[3] [4]}

Coach station Tel: (+90-362) 238 17 06

Railway: Samsun - Sivas and Samsun - Amasya railway connections are available. Train station is placed at the city center.

Train station Tel : (+90-362) 233 22 93

Maritime lines: Ferry boat voyages to Samsun are arranged in June - Augustus months. The port is in the city center.

Port Tel : (+90-362) 445 16 05

Airway: Samsun-Çarşamba Airport is 23 km away from the city center. It is possible to reach airport by Havas service buses departure from the coach park close to Kultur Sarayi in the city center. ^[5]

Airport Tel : (+90-362) 844 88 30 - 844 88 24 - 844 88 25

Samsun Guide - Samsun, Turkey ^[6]

[edit] Climate

Samsun has a humid, temperate, marine climate with cool winters and warm summers and high rainfall throughout the year. Samsun also has a Humid Subtropical Climate.

This section requires expansion.

Weather data for Samsun
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Average high °F	50	52	54	59	66	73	79	81	75	70	63	55
Average low °F	37	37	39	45	54	61	64	64	61	55	48	43
Average high °C	10	11	12	15	19	23	26	27	24	21	17	13
Average low °C	3	3	4	7	12	16	18	18	16	13	9	6
Source: bbc.co.uk [7] 7 September 2009

[edit] Economy

Samsun is an important Turkish trade centre and the most important port on the Black Sea coast. Samsun is one of the major Turkish tobacco producing provinces. In the later Ottoman period the land around the town mainly produced tobacco. The town was connected to the railway system in the second half of the 19th century, and tobacco trade boomed. The Çarşamba Plain and the Bafra Plain offer possibilities for farming.

A concern of automotive industries is located in Samsun.

This section requires expansion.

[edit] Education

The University of Samsun (19 Mayis Üniversitesi) is one of the seven best universities of Turkey. Moreover the city has colleges, 58 grammar schools, 1.048 primary schools, and public libraries.

[edit] Places to see

• Kultur Sarayi (Palace of Culture). Concerts and other performances are held at the Kultur Sarayi, which is shaped much like a ski jump.
• Archaeological and Atatürk Museum. The archaeological part of the museum displays ancient artifacts found in the Samsun area. The Atatürk section includes photographs of his life and some personal belongings. The museum is open from 8:30 till 12:00 and from 14:00 till 17:00.
• The Russian Market (Rus Pazari).
• Statue of Atatürk. By Austrian sculptor Heinz Kriphel, from 1928 to 1931. The statue was depicted on the obverse of the Turkish 100,000 lira banknotes of 1991-2001.^[8]
• Atatürk (Gazi) Museum. It houses Atatürk's bedroom, his study and conference room as well some personal belongings.
• Pazar Mosque, Samsun's oldest surviving building, a mosque built by the Ilhanid Mongols in the 13th century.
• Karadağ Geçidi (Karadag Pass) (at an altitude of 940 metres). The landscape, on the way to Amasya.

[edit] International relations

[edit] Twin towns — Sister cities

• Novorossiysk, Russia
• Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
• Neumünster, Germany
• Kalmar, Sweden
• Sükhbaatar, Mongolia
• Milan, Italy

[edit] Notable natives

• Mustafa Dağıstanlı - two times Olympic gold medalist sports wrestler
• Yaşar Doğu - Olympic gold medalist sports wrestler
• Orhan Gencebay - musician
• Ferhan Şensoy - writer, actor and stage director
• Tanju Çolak - soccer player/striker, who was the top scorer in Europe in 1987 and 3rd scorer in 1986
• Yıldıray Çınar - musician
• Neyzen Tevfik – poet, satirist, and ney player
• Ece Erken – TV-hostess and actress

[edit] See also

• Anatolian Tigers

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• FallingRain Map - elevation = 15m (Red dots are railways)

Coordinates: 41°17′25″N 36°20′01″E / 41.29028°N 36.33361°E / 41.29028; 36.33361

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Samsun

• Samsun Governor's Office
• Samsun Municipality
• Samsun Chamber of Trade and Industry
• Samsun SK football team
• Local information
• Videos from Samsun
• Samsun Catholic Church
• Samsun - Travel Guide
• Forum Samsun

v • d • e Samsun in Samsun Province (in the Black Sea region) of Turkey Urban districts Samsun Rural districts Alaçam - Asarcık - Ayvacık - Bafra - Çarşamba - Havza - Kavak - Ladik (District), Samsun - Ondokuz Mayıs - Salıpazarı - Tekkeköy - Terme - Vezirköprü - Yakakent Regions Provinces Aegean Afyonkarahisar - Aydın - Denizli - İzmir - Kütahya - Manisa - Muğla - Uşak Black Sea Amasya - Artvin - Bartın - Bayburt - Bolu - Çorum - Düzce - Giresun - Gümüşhane - Karabük - Kastamonu - Ordu - Rize - Samsun - Sinop - Tokat - Trabzon - Zonguldak Central Anatolia Aksaray - Ankara - Çankırı - Eskişehir - Karaman - Kayseri - Kırıkkale - Kırşehir - Konya - Nevşehir - Niğde - Sivas - Yozgat Eastern Anatolia Ağrı - Ardahan -Bingöl - Bitlis - Elâzığ - Erzincan - Erzurum - Hakkâri - Iğdır - Kars - Malatya - Muş - Siirt - Tunceli - Van Marmara Balıkesir - Bilecik - Bursa - Çanakkale - Edirne - Istanbul - Kırklareli - Kocaeli - Sakarya - Tekirdağ - Yalova Mediterranean Adana - Antalya- Burdur - Hatay - Isparta - Kahramanmaraş - Kilis - Mersin - Osmaniye Southeastern Anatolia Adıyaman - Batman - Diyarbakır - Gaziantep - Mardin - Şanlıurfa - Şırnak