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Salina (pronounced /səˈlaɪnə/) is a city in and the county seat of Saline County, Kansas, United States.[3] First settled in 1856 along the Saline and Smoky Hill Rivers and founded by William A. Phillips in 1858, Salina is situated at the intersection of Interstate Highways I-70 and I-135 in central Kansas. The population was 45,679 at the 2000 census, and it was estimated to be 46,140 in the year 2006.[4] Salina is the principal city of the Salina Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Saline and Ottawa counties.[5]
[edit] HistoryIn 1860 Salina, the westernmost post on the Smoky Hill Trail, began to establish itself as a staging post for prospectors traveling to Pikes Peak, as well as a trading post between local native tribes, and Fort Leavenworth. After the Civil War, Phillips, then a colonel, used his influence to extend the Union Pacific Railroad to Salina in 1867. Starting in 1872, Salina began transporting meat shipped in refrigerated cars down the rails. During the 1870s, wheat became the dominant crop in Salina and a steam-powered flour mill was built. At the same time Dr. E. R. Switzer, of Salina, introduced alfalfa to Kansas farmers. During World War II, Smoky Hill Army Airfield, located southwest of Salina, was one of several notable B-29 training bases. The exponential growth of the 1950s of Salina was related largely to the re-opening of the base, later renamed Schilling Air Force Base, subsequently closed in 1965 by the Department of Defense. As Schilling AFB, it was home to the Strategic Air Command's 40th and 310th Bomb Wings of the 802nd Air Division between 1952 and 1960, flying B-47 Stratojets and KC-97 Stratotankers; to the 310th Strategic Aerospace Wing between 1960 and 1962; and between 1962 and 1965, to the 22nd Strategic Aerospace Division, controlling the 310th SAW and the Atlas ICBM missile silos of the 550th Strategic Missile Squadron. On February 28, 2005, the city was home to the "Last Great Aviation Record" when Steve Fossett took off from the Salina Airport in the Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer, to attempt the first solo, non-stop, non-refueled aerial circumnavigation of the globe by airplane. Fossett completed the record-breaking flight on March 3, 2005 when he landed back in Salina after 67 hours, 1 minute and 10 seconds, at an average speed of 342.2 mph (550.7 km/h). Support for the venture was provided by the Kansas State Aviation Research (KStAR) Lab. [edit] GeographySalina is located at 38°49′27″N 97°36′26″W / 38.82417°N 97.60722°W (38.824267, -97.607205)[6]. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 22.8 square miles (59.0 km²), of which, 22.7 square miles (58.9 km²) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km²) of it (0.18%) is water. Salina stands at an elevation of 1,281 feet (390 m). [edit] ClimateOver the course of a year, temperatures range from an average low below 20 °F (−7 °C) in January to an average high of over 93 °F (34 °C) in July. The maximum temperature reaches 90 °F (32 °C) an average of 61 days per year and reaches 100 °F (38 °C) an average of 14 days per year. The minimum temperature falls below the freezing point (32°F) an average of 114 days per year. Typically the first fall freeze occurs between early October and early November, and the last spring freeze occurs during the month of April. The area receives about 32 inches of precipitation during an average year with the largest share being received in May and June—with a combined 18 days of measurable precipitation. During a typical year the total amount of precipitation may be anywhere from 24 to 44 inches (1,100 mm). There are on average 77 days of measurable precipitation per year. Winter snowfall averages almost 19 inches, but the median is less than 10 inches (250 mm). Measurable snowfall occurs an average of 9 days per year with at least an inch of snow being received on seven of those days. Snow depth of at least an inch occurs an average of 27 days per year. On September 25, 1973 a tornado measuring F3 passed through the southeast part of town injuring 6 people, destroying 2 houses and the Sundowner East trailer park.[7] On June 11, 2008 another EF3 tornado passed on the south side of the town severely damaging several buildings.
[edit] Demographics
Salina's population was estimated to be 46,140 in the year 2006, an increase of 368, or +0.8%, over the previous six years.[4] As of the U.S. Census in 2000,[1] there were 45,679 people, 18,523 households, and 11,873 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,009.6 people per square mile (775.9/km²). There were 19,599 housing units at an average density of 862.2/sq mi (332.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 87.76% White, 3.57% Black or African American, 0.56% Native American, 1.96% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 3.78% from other races, and 2.32% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.71% of the population. There were 18,523 households out of which 31.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.8% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.9% were non-families. 30.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.98. In the city the population was spread out with 25.9% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 28.7% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 95.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.8 males. The median income for a household in the city was $36,066, and the median income for a family was $45,433. Males had a median income of $31,250 versus $21,944 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,593. About 6.7% of families and 9.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.6% of those under age 18 and 9.2% of those age 65 or over. [edit] Economy  Agriculture is the predominant industry in Salina, and its grain elevators are visible from miles away. This agrarian emphasis is even reflected in a local Catholic Church, Sacred Heart Cathedral, which is built in white cylindrical shapes intriguingly like grain silos. However, Salina has several other important employers. The city also has a strong manufacturing base. Tony's Pizza, a Schwan Food Company brand, is Salina's largest single employer with over 2000 workers employed. Tony's makes consumer retail frozen pizzas as well as food intended for school cafeterias and other institutions. Additionally, over 500 are employed in factories for Philips Lighting, Exide Battery, Great Plains Manufacturing (farm equipment), and ElDorado National (commercial bus manufacturer.) [edit] Arts and culture[edit] Religion[edit] Sports
[edit] EducationKansas State University - Salina, a branch of Kansas State University (main campus in Manhattan, Kansas) offers undergraduate degrees in both technology and aviation related fields. (Kansas State University - Salina was previously known as Kansas Technical Institute) K-State Salina is based at Salina Municipal Airport (KSLN). Salina is also home of Kansas Wesleyan University, a private liberal arts college that affiliates itself with the United Methodist Church, Salina Area Technical College, and Brown Mackie College. Enrollment in Salina at each of these institutions is around 800. Salina has four high schools - two public and two private: Salina High School Central, Salina High School South are public and the two private schools are Sacred Heart Catholic High School and St. John's Military School. Salina also has two middle schools Lakewood Middle School and South Middle School. Total enrollment of the public school system is about 11,000. [edit] Transportation Salina is served by one commercial airline at Salina Municipal Airport, but most airtravel is done at larger airports in Wichita, Kansas (ICT) and Kansas City, Missouri (MCI). Greyhound buses to Denver and Kansas City along I-70 stop at a dual gas station/ truck stop at the Ninth Street interstate exit. Roughly seven buses in each direction stop at the city daily. In addition to Greyhoud service, OCCK Transportation operates the NCK Express buslines to surrounding cities for a small fee. Public Transportation in the city is handled by CityGo, a city-subsidised division of OCCK Inc., headquartered in Salina. The service operates three bus routes as well as paratransit services to the general public. [edit] Media[edit] PrintSalina has one daily newspaper, The Salina Journal.[8] [edit] RadioThe following radio stations are licensed to Salina: AM
FM
[edit] TelevisionSalina is part of the Wichita television market, which covers much of the central and western part of Kansas. Cox Communications is the main cable system serving Salina. The following television stations are licensed to Salina:
[edit] Notable natives and residents
[edit] Other topics[edit] In popular culture
[edit] Notes
[edit] External links
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