This article is about the French city. For other uses, see
Saint Etienne.
Coordinates: 45°26′05″N 4°23′25″E / 45.434722°N 4.390278°E / 45.434722; 4.390278
|
| Ville de Saint-Étienne |
| |  |
| Coat of arms |
 |
| Location |
| |
| Time zone | CET (GMT +1) |
| Administration |
| Country | France |
| Region | Rhône-Alpes |
| Department | Loire |
| Canton | Chief town of 9 cantons |
| Intercommunality | Saint-Étienne Métropole |
| Mayor | Maurice Vincent (PS)
(since March 2008) |
| Statistics |
| Elevation | 422–1,117 m (1,380–3,660 ft)
(avg. 516 m/1,690 ft) |
| Land area1 | 79.97 km2 (30.88 sq mi) |
| Population2 | 175,700 (2005 estimate) |
| - Ranking | 16th in France |
| - Density | 2,197 /km2 (5,690 /sq mi) |
| Miscellaneous |
| INSEE/Postal code | 42218/ 42000, 42100 |
| Website | http://www.saint-etienne.fr/ |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. |
| 2 Population sans doubles comptes: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once. |
Saint-Étienne is a city in eastern central France.
It lies 60 km (40 miles) southwest of Lyon in the Rhône-Alpes region and is the capital of the Loire département. It is situated in the Massif Central.
[edit] Geography
The town is situated on the trunk road that connects Toulouse with Lyon through the Massif Central.
[edit] History
Musée d'art et d'industrie.
The city was named after Saint Stephen. From the sixteenth century, Saint-Étienne developed an arms manufacturing industry. It was this which accounted for the town's importance, although it also became a centre for the manufacture of ribbons and passementerie starting in the 17th century. During the French revolution, Saint-Étienne was briefly renamed Armeville - 'arms town' - because of this activity.
Later, it became a coal mining centre, and more recently, has been known for its bicycle industry.
In the first half of the 19th century, it was only a chief town of an arrondissement in the département of the Loire, with a population of 33,064 in 1832. The concentration of industry prompted these numbers to rise rapidly to 110,000 by about 1880. It was this growing importance of Saint-Étienne that led to its being made seat of the prefecture and the departmental administration on 25 July 1855, when it became the chief town in the département and seat of the prefect, usurping the position hitherto belonging to Montbrison. The latter was reduced to the status of chief town of an arrondissement. Saint-Étienne absorbed the commune of Valbenoîte and several other neighbouring localities on 31 March 1855.
In 1990, Saint-Étienne set up the design biennale which is the largest of its kind in France. The next convention is in 2010. It also launched the Massenet Festivals, (the place of birth of the composer) devoted mainly to perform his operas.
[edit] Culture
The city is home to three museums, of which the Musée d'Art Moderne has one of the largest collections of modern and contemporary art in France. The other two main museums in Saint-Etienne are Musée de la Mine and Musée des Ponts et Chaussées.
[edit] Demographics
Population of the city at the 1999 census was 180,210 (177,300 as of February 2004 estimates). Population of the whole metropolitan area at the 1999 census was 321,703.
Inhabitants of Saint-Étienne are called stéphanois in French. They are named so because "Étienne" derives from the Greek Stephanos.
The city's football club AS Saint-Étienne has won the Ligue 1 title a record ten times.
St. Étienne was the capital of the French bicycle industry. The bicycle wheel manufacturer Mavic is based in the city and frame manufacturers Motobécane and Vitus are also based here. The city often hosts a stage of the Tour de France.
St. Étienne resident Thierry Gueorgiou is a world champion in orienteering.
[edit] Transport
Saint-Étienne is also notable for its Tramway de Saint Etienne tram system (which uniquely with Lille, it kept throughout the 20th century).
Bus and tram transport is regulated and provided by the STAS, a public transport executive organisationss.
[edit] Colleges and universities
[edit] Notable people
Châteaucreux Business Centre
Street in the old center of Saint-Étienne
Saint-Étienne was the birthplace of:
- Claude Fauriel (1772-1844), historian, philologist and critic.
- Saint Marcellin Champagnat (1789-1840), a Catholic priest and founding members of the Society of Mary (Marist Fathers) who founded the Marist Brothers and was canonised in 1999.
- Jules Janin (1804-1874), writer and critic.
- Francis Garnier (1839-1873), officer and explorer who explored the Mekong River, much to the surprise of the inhabitants.
- Jules Massenet (1842-1912), composer best known for his operas.
- Paul de Vivie, aka Velocio (1853-1930) publisher of Le Cycliste, early champion of the dérailleur and father of French cycle touring.
- Bernard Lavilliers (b. 1946) (Bernard Ouillon), singer.
- Orlan (1947-), contemporary artist
- Willy Sagnol (b. 1977) French International Soccer Player
- Muriel Robin (b. 1955 in Montbrison) French stand-up humorist
- Jean Guitton (1901-1999) a Catholic philosopher and theologian.
- Thierry Gueorgiou (b. 1979), Orienteering world champion
It was also the place where Andrei Kivilev died.
[edit] International relations
[edit] Twin towns — Sister cities
Saint-Étienne is twinned with:
 Annaba, Algeria, since 1981 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia, since 2006 Ben Arous, Tunisia, since 1994 Coventry, United Kingdom, since 1955 Des Moines, United States, since 1984 Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna, Italy, since 1960 Fes, Morocco, since 2006 |  Geltendorf, Germany, since 1966 Granby, Canada, since 1960 Katowice, Poland, since 1994 Luhansk, Ukraine, since 1959 Nazareth Illit, Israel, since 1974 Oeiras, Portugal, since 1995 |  Patras, Greece, since 1990 Toamasina, Madagascar, since 1967- Warsaw, Poland, since 1995[1]
- Windsor, Canada, since 1963
- Wuppertal, Germany, since 1960
 Xúzhōu, China, since 1984 |
[edit] See also
[edit] References
[edit] External links
