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Rugal folds:

Stomach.

Rugae is a term used in anatomy that refers to a series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of an organ. Most commonly the term is applied to the internal surface of the stomach. The stomach rugae may be seen during esophagogastroduodenoscopy or in radiological studies. They provide the stomach with increased surface area for food. When food enters the stomach, these rugae fold and become stretched in. The purpose is to allow it to expand.This therefore allows expansion in volume of the stomach without increased pressure.

Other locations that rugae appear in humans:

Wrinkles of the scrotum
Hard palate immediately behind the upper anterior teeth
Urinary bladder
Vagina
Gallbladder

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v • d • e

Anatomy of torso, digestive system: Gastrointestinal tract

Upper GI

To stomach	Mouth • Pharynx (nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx) • Esophagus (UES, LES) • Crop

Stomach	rugae – gastric pits – cardia/gland – fundus/gland – pylorus/gland – pyloric antrum – pyloric canal – greater curvature – lesser curvature – angular incisure

Lower GI

Intestine: small	Duodenum (Suspensory muscle, Major duodenal papilla, Minor duodenal papilla) • Duodenojejunal flexure • Jejunum • Ileum • Ileocecal valve continuous (intestinal villus, crypts of Lieberkühn, circular folds)

Intestine: large	Vermiform appendix • Cecum • Colon (ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon) continuous (taenia coli, haustra, epiploic appendix)

Termination	Rectum: Houston valve • rectal ampulla • pectinate line Anal canal: anal valves • anal sinuses • anal columns • Hilton's white line Anus: Sphincter ani internus muscle • Sphincter ani externus muscle

Lymph	GALT: Peyer's patches (M cells)

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Category: Anatomy stubs