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of muscular system identifying major anterior... shapeupshop.com | XCO-TRAINER - STRENGTHENS THE MAJOR MUSCLE GROUPS xco-trainer.co.uk | Rhomboid Muscle Stretch drbackman.com | The Anatomy of the Chest Muscles - Pectoralis Major, Pectoralis Minor fitstep.com |
The rhomboid major is a muscle on the back that connects the scapula with the vertebrae of the spinal column.
[edit] StructureThe rhomboid major arises from the spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae T2 to T5 as well as the supraspinous ligament. It inserts on the medial border of the scapula, from about the level of the scapular spine to the scapula's inferior angle. The rhomboid major is considered a superficial back muscle. It is deep to the trapezius, and is located directly inferior to the rhomboid minor. As the word rhomboid suggests, the rhomboid major is diamond-shaped. The major in its name indicates that it is the larger of the two rhomboids. [edit] InnervationThe rhomboid major, like the rhomboid minor, is innervated by the ventral primary ramus via the dorsal scapular nerve (C5). [edit] ActionsThe rhomboid major helps to hold the scapula (and thus the upper limb) onto the ribcage. It also acts to retract the scapula, pulling it towards the vertebral column, and downwardly rotates the scapula with respect to the glenohumeral joint. It works collectively with the levator scapulae to elevate the medial border of the scapula. [edit] Pathology for Scapular InstabilityThe muscles attached to the scapular are the only means of providing scapular stability, because the scapular is not directly attached to the torso. The scapula hangs between the clavicle and the upper arm. The rhomboideus major attaches the medial border of scapula to the spine. If the rhomboideus major is torn, wasted, or unable to contract, scapular instability may result. The implications of scapular instability caused by the rhomboideus major include scapular winging during scapular protraction, excessive lateral rotation and depression of the scapula, as the antagonistic action of the rhomboideus major is absent. With scapular instability, movement in the upper extremity is limited as the scapula cannot guide the desired movement of the arm and shoulders. Pain, discomfort, and limited range of motion of the shoulder are possible implications scapular instability. Treatment for scapular instability may include surgery followed by physical therapy. Physical therapy may consist of stretching and endurance exercises of the shoulder. Pilates and yoga have been also suggested as potential treatment and prevention of scapular instability. [edit] Additional images
[edit] See also[edit] External linksThis article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained within it may be outdated. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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