Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Classification and external resources
Micrograph of cardiac amyloidosis, a cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy. Congo red stain.
ICD-10	I42.5
ICD-9	425.4
DiseasesDB	11390
MedlinePlus	000189
eMedicine	med/291
MeSH	D002313

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a form of cardiomyopathy in which the walls are rigid,^[1] and the heart is restricted from stretching and filling with blood properly.

It is the least common cardiomyopathy.^{[citation needed]}

Contents 1 Presentation 2 Causes 2.1 Primary 2.2 Secondary 3 Treatment 4 References 5 External links

[edit] Presentation

Rhythmicity and contractility of the heart may be normal, but the stiff walls of the heart chambers (atria and ventricles) keep them from adequately filling, reducing preload and end-diastolic volume.

So blood flow is reduced, and blood that would normally enter the heart is backed up in the circulatory system. In time, restrictive cardiomyopathy patients develop diastolic dysfunction and eventually heart failure.

[edit] Causes

It is possible to divide the causes into primary and secondary.^[2]

[edit] Primary

• Löffler's syndrome
• endocardial fibroelastosis

[edit] Secondary

• infiltrative
  • cardiac amyloidosis
  • haemochromatosis
  • sarcoidosis

• interstitial
  • postradiation fibrosis

Other causes include scleroderma, Churg-Strauss syndrome, cystinosis, lymphoma, Gaucher's disease, hemochromatosis, Fabry's disease, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, hypereosinophilic syndrome, carcinoid, Noonan's syndrome, reactive arthritis, and Werner's syndrome.^[3]

[edit] Treatment

Therapy for restrictive cardiomyopathy is limited.^[4]

Diuretics may help relieve symptoms.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Overview at Merck Manual

v • d • e Cardiovascular disease: heart disease · Circulatory system pathology (I00-I52, 390-429) Ischaemic CD/CHD CAD · Coronary thrombosis · Coronary vasospasm · Coronary artery aneurysm · Coronary artery dissection · Myocardial Bridge Active ischemia Angina pectoris (Prinzmetal's angina, Stable angina) · Acute coronary (Unstable angina, Myocardial infarction / heart attack) Sequelae hours (Myocardial stunning, Hibernating myocardium) · days (Myocardial rupture) · weeks (Aneurysm of heart/Ventricular aneurysm, Dressler's syndrome) Layers Pericardium Pericarditis (Acute, Chronic/Constrictive) · Pericardial effusion (Hemopericardium, Cardiac tamponade) Myocardium Myocarditis (Chagas disease) Cardiomyopathy: Dilated (Alcoholic) · Hypertrophic · Restrictive (Loeffler endocarditis, Cardiac amyloidosis, Endocardial fibroelastosis) Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia Endocardium/ valves Endocarditis Infective endocarditis (Subacute bacterial endocarditis) · noninfective endocarditis (Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis, Libman-Sacks endocarditis) Valves mitral (regurgitation, prolapse, stenosis) · aortic (stenosis, insufficiency) · tricuspid (stenosis, insufficiency) · pulmonary (stenosis, insufficiency) Conduction/ arrhythmia Bradycardia Sinus bradycardia · Sick sinus syndrome Heart block: Sinoatrial · AV (1°, 2°, 3°) · Intraventricular (Bundle branch/Right/Left, Left anterior fascicular/Left posterior fascicular, Bifascicular/Trifascicular) · Adams-Stokes syndrome Tachycardia (paroxysmal and sinus) Supraventricular Atrial (Multifocal) · Junctional (AV nodal reentrant, Junctional ectopic) Ventricular Torsades de pointes · Catecholaminergic polymorphic · Accelerated idioventricular rhythm Premature contraction Atrial · Ventricular Pre-excitation syndrome Wolff-Parkinson-White · Lown-Ganong-Levine Flutter/fibrillation Atrial flutter · Ventricular flutter · Atrial fibrillation (Familial) · Ventricular fibrillation Pacemaker Wandering pacemaker · Ectopic pacemaker/Ectopic beat · Parasystole · Multifocal atrial tachycardia · Pacemaker syndrome Long QT syndrome Romano-Ward syndrome · Andersen-Tawil syndrome · Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome Cardiac arrest Sudden cardiac death · Asystole · Pulseless electrical activity · Sinoatrial arrest Other/ungrouped hexaxial reference system (Right axis deviation, Left axis deviation) · QT (Short QT syndrome) · T (T wave alternans) · ST (Osborn wave, ST elevation, ST depression) Cardiomegaly Ventricular hypertrophy (Left, Right/Cor pulmonale) · Atrial enlargement (Left, Right) Other Cardiac fibrosis · Heart failure (Cardiac asthma) · Rheumatic fever heart navs: anat/physio/dev, noncongen/congen/neoplasia, symptoms+signs/eponymous, proc

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