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Nephropathy
Classification and external resources
MeSH	D007674

Nephropathy refers to damage to or disease of the kidney. An older term for this is nephrosis.

Contents 1 Causes 1.1 Analgesics 1.2 Xanthine oxidase deficiency 2 See also

[edit] Causes

Causes of nephropathy include administration of analgesics, xanthine oxidase deficiency, and long-term exposure to lead or its salts. Chronic conditions that can produce nephropathy include systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure (hypertension), which lead to diabetic nephropathy and hypertensive nephropathy, respectively.

[edit] Analgesics

One cause of nephropathy is the long term usage of analgesics. The pain medicines which can cause kidney problems include aspirin, acetaminophen, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs. This form of nephropathy is "chronic analgesic nephritis," a chronic inflammatory change characterized by loss and atrophy of tubules and interstitial fibrosis and inflammation (BRS Pathology, 2nd edition).

Specifically, long term use of the analgesic phenacetin has been linked to renal papillary necrosis (necrotizing papillitis).

[edit] Xanthine oxidase deficiency

A second possible cause of nephropathy is due to decreased function of xanthine oxidase in the purine degradation pathway. Xanthine oxidase will degrade hypoxanthine to xanthine and then to uric acid. Xanthine is not very soluble in water; therefore, an increase in xanthine forms crystals (which can lead to kidney stones) and result in damage of the kidney. Drugs like allopurinol that are used to inhibit xanthine oxidase can therefore cause possible nephropathy.

[edit] See also

• Hematologic Diseases Information Service
• Nephritis
• IgA nephropathy
• Protein toxicity

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v • d • e Urinary system · Pathology · Urologic disease / Uropathy (N00–N39, 580–599) Abdominal Nephropathy/ (nephritis+ nephrosis) Glomerulopathy/ glomerulitis/ (glomerulonephritis+ glomerulonephrosis) Primarily nephrotic Non-proliferative .0 Minimal change · .1 Focal segmental · .2 Membranous Proliferative .3 Mesangial proliferative · .4 Endocapillary proliferative .5/.6 Membranoproliferative/mesangiocapillary By condition Diabetic · Amyloidosis Primarily nephritic, .7 RPG Type I RPG/Type II hypersensitivity Goodpasture's syndrome Type II RPG/Type III hypersensitivity Post-streptococcal · Lupus (DPN) · IgA/Berger's Type III RPG/Pauci-immune Wegener's granulomatosis · Microscopic polyangiitis Tubulopathy/ tubulitis Proximal RTA (RTA 2) Thick ascending Bartter syndrome Distal convoluted Gitelman syndrome Collecting duct Liddle's syndrome · RTA (RTA 1) · Diabetes insipidus (Nephrogenic) Renal papilla Renal papillary necrosis Major calyx/pelvis Hydronephrosis · Pyonephrosis · Reflux nephropathy Any/all Acute tubular necrosis Interstitium Interstitial nephritis (Pyelonephritis, Danubian endemic familial nephropathy) Any/all General syndromes Renal failure (Acute renal failure, Chronic renal failure) · Uremic pericarditis · Uremia Vascular Renal artery stenosis · Hypertensive nephropathy · Renovascular hypertension Other Analgesic nephropathy · Renal osteodystrophy · Nephroptosis · Abderhalden-Kaufmann-Lignac syndrome Ureter Ureteritis · Ureterocele · Megaureter Pelvic Bladder Cystitis (Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome, Hunner's ulcer, Trigonitis, Hemorrhagic cystitis) · Neurogenic bladder · Vesicointestinal fistula · Vesicoureteral reflux Urethra Urethritis (Non-gonococcal urethritis) · Urethral syndrome · Urethral stricture/Meatal stenosis Any/all Obstructive uropathy · Urinary tract infection · Retroperitoneal fibrosis · Urolithiasis (Kidney stone, Renal colic) · Malacoplakia urinary system navs: anat/physio/dev, noncongen/acid+base/congen/neoplasia, symptoms+signs/eponymous, proc