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Globo Intragastrico Metodo eficaz para reduccion de peso murrasaca.com |
Rede Globo (Portuguese for Globo Network, a.k.a. TV Globo, Globo TV or simply Globo) is a Brazilian television network, owned by media conglomerate Organizações Globo, the largest of its companies. The network is currently the largest in Latin America and the fourth largest in the world, just behind the U.S. networks ABC, CBS and NBC, being watched by 120 million people daily.[1][2][3] Globo is headquartered in the Jardim Botânico neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro, where its news division is based. The network's main production studios are located at a complex dubbed Projac (in Portuguese "Projeto Jacarepaguá"), located in Jacarepaguá, Barra da Tijuca, Rio's western area. In 2007, Globo moved their analogue operations to a purpose-built high-definition television production in digital broadcasting. It is composed of 122 owned and affiliate television stations throughout Brazil plus its own international networks, TV Globo Internacional (TV Globo International) and TV Globo Portugal. [edit] History
[edit] Early years (1957—69)In July 1957, President of Brazil Juscelino Kubitschek gave the approval to Radio Globo's television concession request, and on December 30 that year, the Brazilian National Council of Telecommunications made public the council's decree that TV Globo Ltda. was given the Channel 4 frequency in Rio de Janeiro to prepare the beginning of its television broadcasting operations. In 1962, a controversial agreement between Time-Life and Organizações Globo, Roberto Marinho's holding company, gave Marinho access to some $6 million with which he could buy equipment and build an infra-structure for Globo to begin its television service. In return, Time-Life would be entitled to 30% of all profits from Globo's TV operations. As a point of comparison, the largest TV station in Brazil at the time, TV Tupi, had been built for around $300,000 when it was launched in 1950, Latin America and Brazil's first television network which was one of the network's future competitors.[4] Its other competing networks were Rede Record, then on Channel 7 in Sao Paulo together with Rede Paulista, its future branch station, Rede Exclesior, broadcasting on Channel 9 in that city and Channel 2 in Rio de Janiero, where Tupi also had a station (Tupi Channel 6), and TV Cultura (Culture TV), also in Sao Paulo under the Diarios Associadas group together with Rede Tupi until 1968. The agreement was widely seen as an illegal act, as the Brazilian constitution of the time prohibited any foreign person or company from owning an interest in a Brazilian media company. In trying to address the legal aspects, the agreement specifically mentioned that its terms did not give Time-Life or Time, Inc. the right to shares or to interfere in the management of Globo's operations. In practice Time-Life wielded great influence inside Globo: Joseph Wallach, the former director of Time-Life's TV station in California, became Globo's de facto executive director and Marinho's television assistant .[4] Globo began its broadcast on April 26, 1965 in Rio de Janeiro, then broadcasting on Channel 4. In 1966 it purchased another station, TV Paulista, based in São Paulo, expanding its operations, and beginning to take over the national television ratings. On April 1, 1964 a year before Rede Globo was opened, a military-led coup deposed the elected government of João Goulart. As the military reduced the democratic institutions of Brazil, it simultaneously sought to increase its hold over the media, especially the major entities. At the time, Marinho had been a supporter of the coup, but his deal with Time-Life was still being investigated by congress. The military decided against the deal, which ultimately allowed Marinho to get out of the deal under exceptional terms. In 1969, Marinho terminated the deal with Time-Life by agreeing to pay back the $6 million dollars invested over the next few years.[citation needed] This in effect meant that Marinho could repay the infra-structure provided by Time-Life and would no longer have the 30% profit-sharing obligation to Time-Life.[4] Even through the deal was over, the network began to take over the national television leadership through its soap operas and variety shows. It also became famous with its Holy Mass broadcasts, begun in 1968, a year earlier, from its Sao Paulo studios, the same year when its branch station in Belo Horizonte, Rede Globo Minas, was opened. Another network trademark was Jornal da Globo (Globo Journal), the successor program to Ultranoticias (Ultranews) which ran from 1966-67, and the network's main newscast until 1969. [edit] Jornal Nacional and the climb to full leadership of Brazilian television (1969—80)[edit] JN, Jornal Hoje and the Plim-plim signalOn September 1, 1969, the country and national television broadcasting was changed with the premiere of Jornal Nacional (National Journal), the nation's first live newscast anchored by Cid Moreira and Hilton Gomez. It's theme music, The Fuzz by Frank DeVol, became one of the show's trademarks, together with the program logo and the "Boa Noite" greeting by the hosts. Its success was followed by the launch of Jornal Hoje (Journal Today) on April 21, 1971, the day when its Brasilia station (Rede Globo Brasília, Channel 10) was inaugurated. The program was then only shown in Rede Globo Rio de Janeiro (Channel 4), the flagship station, until 1974 when it became a nationwide midday newscast. It had its first FIFA World Cup broadcast in 1970, the same year when Rede Exclesior was closed down, with the network absorbing some of its talents and top manangement. The network's famous Plim-Plim interval signal also debuted that year. It began color television broadcasts in February 1972 on a national scale, the same year as Rede Bandeirantes did convert television broadcasts to color and 10 years after the first color telecasts in the country was launched by Rede Excelsior (and also the same year as the opening of its Recife station, Rede Globo Recife Channel 13, now Rede Globo Nordeste, on April 22), with the national color broadcasts being debuted on March 31 the same year as the Meu Primeiro Baile episode of Caso Especial, its teletheater show, which is the first color integrated program on national television was shown on the network. Before that, it launched its famous Christmas and New Year holiday campaign, A Festa é Sua, in November 1971. The campaign's theme song, Um Novo Tempo, is still used during its year-end station campaign plugs and identifications since then. It is also one of Brazil's great Christmas holiday songs. It was the same year on March 16 when the latenight edition of Jornal Nacional (called Jornal Nacional-Segunda Edição, National Journal Second Edition), hosted by Fabbio Perez and Ronan Soares, began broadcasting the entire day's headlines until 1982. Its 15-minute international version, Jornal Internacional (International Journal), anchored by Jorge Pontual and Sandra Passarinho, began airing in April 1972, lasting until 1975. It originally ran for 20 minutes during its first two years. It was replaced in 1975 by Amanha (Tomorrow), the network's local news roundup. Perez and Fabio Castilho hosted it until 1979. 1973 saw the birth of two new programs on the network, the documentary program Globo Repórter (formerly the Globo Shell Specials which ran from 1971-73), hosted by Sergio Chapelin, and Fantástico (Fantástico, O Show Da Vida, Fantastic, The Show of Life from 1974-77), then the network's weekly variety program from 1974 to 1993 when it became the network's weekly newsmagazine broadcast on Sundays, recognizable through its theme music and from 1973 to 1995, its ballet dancers. Cid Moreira anchored it until 1988, joined by Chapelin during its early days (Moreira is presently the program's special segment host since 1998). When the former's hosting duties expired in 1988, William Bonner (presently one of Jornal Nacional's anchors) , Valeria Monteiro, Mario Vasconcellos, who became the titular host, then program commentator Alexandre Garcia and Wagner Montes joined the program, joined by Chapelin and Jornal da Globo's Lelia Cordeiro, who served in the show for 3 years since 1985. Leo Batista, the longest program anchor from 1973 to 2007, served as the show's sports segment host, while Chico Anysio served as both humorist and commentator until 1992. Esporte Espectacular (Spectacular Sports), the network's first sports newscast, broadcast until today on Sundays, debuted on March that year. It would last a decade, and was relaunched in 1987. On April 26 the next year (1974), it broadcast in full color for the first time, with all its stations converting to full color broadcasts until 1977, and the entire network system was beginning to broadcast via satellite in 1982, five years after. The next year, when Globo turned 10, it rebroadcast Selva de Pedra because of the cancellation of its newest drama, Roque Santeiro, by the Federal Government, only to air a decade later. Its Sessao da Tarde afternoon film banner was launched also in 1975, and its Caso Especial teletheater program was also shown from April to December the same year, on a weekly basis. [edit] A New Corporate Image1976 saw the beginning of the network's scheduling process (the Padrão Globo da Qualidade), which consists of two soap operas followed with newscasts, Globo Reporter and one to two more drama shows or cinema, comedy programming and others after. The process was led by Walter Clark and Jose Bonifacio de Olivera Sobrinho in 1960, when Rede Excelsior was launched (the process was inherited by Rede Globo upon Excelsior's closure in 1970). It rose the network to full audience leadership in the late 1970s, gaining more ratings and clinching the top spot in Brazilian television. This was also the reason why Silvio Santos, one of the network's original variety show presenters since 1965, backed out of Globo, and moved his 20-year old program (Programa Silvio Santos, The Silvio Santos Program) to Rede Tupi, while putting up his own network, TVS (now SBT) in the process the next year, even bringing his own show there. Its humor and comedy program, Os Trapalhões, began the next year, continuing until 1995, together with the network's morning news program, Bom Dia São Paulo (Good Morning Sao Paulo), which four years later would have a national version. 1977 would also be the first time its present insignia was shown: it was created by Hans Donner, and was a colored blue sphere with a TV-shaped box with another blue ball inside. Donner also created the network's first presentation package with the new logo for the first time. That year also was the premiere of Sítio do Picapau Amarelo (Yellow Woodpecker Ranch), one of the network's famous children's series. Its first version ran until 1986, its second version was aired from 2001 to 2007. The network's second FIFA World Cup telecast after its first (FIFA World Cup 1978) happened the following year (1978), followed by the premiere telecast of Globo Esporte (Globo Sports), the network's daily sports newscast, presently still airing before Jornal Hoje, then anchored by Luciano do Valle. The decade was closed with the premiere of the Domingo Maior (Best Sunday) film block and the revival of Jornal da Globo in 1979 after a ten-year absence (it lasted until 1981), plus the Jornal das Sete (News at Seven) local newscasts of 1979-83, precursor to the network's local news programs of today. [edit] At the top: Globo in a changing era of Brazilian television (1980—92)As Rede Globo marked its 15th year of broadcasts in 1980-81, it had two major events in its sleeve. Since 1980 was the year that Rede Tupi shut down its operations, it surprised many former Tupi viewers and supporters with its anniversary programs. Two of them was the Festival 15 Anos (15 Years Festival) which showcased the best drama programs of the last 15 years, and the Os Trapalhões marathon, which gave itself to charitable activities for 8 long hours. It proved to many Brazilians how the network was proving well as the now audience leader in Brazilian television. Aside from it, its Vale a Pena Ver de Novo (It is Worth Watching Once Again) afternoon drama block debuted on May 5 that year. Globo Rural, its rural newscast also debuted in the same year, with Carlos Nascimento as its first presenter. [edit] More Surprises and ShowsAside from its 1982 FIFA World Cup coverage two years after, the network premiered the children's show Balao Magico (Magic Balloon), which ran from 1982 to 1986. It was anchored by the children's musical group Turma do Balão Magico, whose music struck a chord with its viewers. 1982 also saw the Jornal da Globo relaunch in August, after two successive editions. The presenters then were Renato Machado, Belisa Ribeiro and Luciana Villas Boas, with Carlos Monforte as program commentator. 1983 saw the birth of another network hit: Vídeo Show, successfully airing till today. Its first program host was Tassia Camargo. The network's daily electronic magazine show (formerly a weekly program from 1983-94), it gives an inside look of the network's programs and includes bloopers, interviews and even a look into Globo's historical moments. Bonner, Chico Pinheiro and Malu Mader were some of the program's early co-hosts. It also had its SOS Nordeste (SOS Northeast) campaign which debuted that year led by Renato Aragao of Os Trapalhões, lasting until 1986. Also debuting that year were the Praça TV local newscasts, aired twice a day and the national version of the network's Sao Paulo morning newstcast, Bom Dia Brasil (Good Morning Brazil), with Carlos Monforte as its first anchor, by then based in Globo's Brasília studios until 1996. By then it had two editions, only broadcasted in full then in Globo's Recife, Brasilia and Belo Horizonte stations because Sao Paulo (From 1977—) and Rio de Janeiro (1982—89, 1991—) had their own local editions of the newscast. In 1984, it not only premiered its Supercine film slot (which is aired on Saturdays), it extended Praça TV to late night as a result of the Jornal da Globo relaunch of 1982. Lasting until 1990, the 10-minute Praça TV Terceira Edição (Praça TV Third Edition) gave its affiliated stations the chance to recap the day's local news in their own networks after Jornal da Globo was aired. By then, Eliakim Araujo and Leailane Neubarth had become its presenters, and even had Jo Soares as humorist until he moved to SBT in 1988. It was also the year of the Diretas Já (Direct Elections Now) campaign in some Brazilian cities from March 1983 to April 1984, in which Jornal Nacional had a mistake in carrying news about the campaign's progress. [edit] 1985-89: Globo at 20, Countdown to 25For Globo, 1985 was its 20th anniversary year, full of new programming and more surprises. That year was one of the best years ever for the channel, for various reasons. One of them was the Festival 20 Anos (Festival of 20 Years) showcase of previous soap operas aired on the network. Other surprises include the record breaking final episode of Roque Santeiro, then its rating-topping series, which in March, after a 10-year absence was finally shown on Rede Globo, and the debut of Corujao, its programming-ending block of films for all Brazilians, especially the older citizens, now rejoiced by the end of the country's military rule of 21 years. Since it's the last program before sign-off except for some days, films rated for adults are shown here, followed by the network's sign-off plug, showing the next day's programming. 1986 was the very year when Xuxa Meneghel's own show, Xou da Xuxa (Xuxa's Show) debuted on Rede Globo after three years in Rede Manchete's children's program Clube da Crianca, replacing the suceessful Sitio do Picapau Amarelo as a result. It was a hit among its viewers, airing all week (from Mondays to Saturdays) for seven years until 1993. That year was also the 20th anniversary of Os Trapalhoes, which lasted until 1987. The network's other big program was its coverage of the 1986 FIFA World Cup, plus the first telecast of the Crianca Esperanca children's charity show, which Renato Aragon (of Os Traplahoes) hosted. It was also when the network's corporate arms evolved into the present day design, it was then two silver balls with a rainbow-colored box. The logo was renovated several times in the years that followed. Two years later, Vale Tudo, one of Brazilian television's best dramas, premiered on Rede Globo, followed by its Tela Quente weekly film block, aired on Mondays. On March 26, 1989, the network's own Sunday variety program, Domingao do Faustao (Faustao's Sunday) was launched as the network started to take over the Sunday afternoon TV ratings, then led by SBT's Programa Silvio Santos. Still airing on Sunday afternoons and evenings before Fantastico, Fausto Silva is the program's titular host. Another newcomer was the Temperatura Maxima film block, presently airing on Sundays since 1990 (originally it was aired on Wednesdays). Within the year, so many series and programs premiered on the network and were aired until 1990, but the news programs got a makeover and change of presenters, especially the main newscasts and Praca TV. Even Jornal Nacional and Jornal da Globo got makeovers and hosting changes, the former got its present version of The Fuzz plus a new studio coupled with the return of Sergio Chapelin to the program as co-presenter while JG had a change of anchors with the departure to Rede Manchete of Eliakim Araujo and Leila Cordeiro, its then anchors, leaving behind co-anchor Leilane Neubarth. All three presenters were replaced by William Bonner and RBS TV's Fatima Bernardes (the latter had already replaced Cordeiro when she moved to Jornal Hoje), becoming their first team-up in a Globo newscast since March that year, when Bernardes joined Fantastico along with Fausto Silva, becoming one of its co-hosts along with Bonner, Chapelin and others plus Chico Anysio, one of the original presenters. Bonner soon took over as Jornal Hoje principal anchor(replacing Cordeiro) and joined Jornal Nacional as one of the substitute presenters while Fatima stayed with Fantastico until the mid-1990s. They were to be married in 1993, several years after Eliakim and Leila's own wedding. The year ended with hope that next year, the 40th year of Brazilian TV and Globo's 25th anniversary year, will be one of the best years that Globo has ever seen, as shown in their year-end campaign video commemorating its 25th year, in which most of the network's artists, program presenters and newscasters performed its 25th anniversary theme. [edit] 1990: Globo at 25, scoring unbeatable at 1001990 was the year when Globo turned 25 years old. But still it began to defend its lead on the national TV ratings. Some of its shows and programs debuted that same year, together with its anniversary presentation Festival 25 Anos (25 Years Festival) of replayed telecasts of all its best programs in the past 25 years were:
TV Pirata ended its run that year, because of the loss of the post JN program slot ratings to Rede Manchete's Pantanal drama series, then aired on weekdays from 9:30 to 10:30 in the evening,and was reinstated in 1991. It also broadcast the 1990 FIFA World Cup that same year. [edit] 1991—1994: The Countdown to 30 and Globosat NetworksGlobo has since expanded to become the largest TV Network in Brazil, with over $2 billion dollars in revenue in 1992.[4] It is famous for the telenovelas (soap operas) which, together with the news and football, dominate prime time viewing in Brazil. These are exported to several countries, to both Portuguese-speaking countries and elsewhere, where they are dubbed into local languages, rose to popularity, and make profits to the broadcasting stations. Globo is the first Brazilian network to have its own news channel, Globo News, in 1996. Now based in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, the main headquarters, it not only broadcasts replays of Globo's news programs, but has its own news programs and commentaries. It also began its very own international broadcasting service, Rede Globo International (Rede Globo Internacional, now TV Globo International), in 1999. It now reaches more countries worldwide, especially the Portuguese-speaking nations outside Brazil, including Portugal itself where the network has its own overseas station. After 44 years, Globo will still remain the undisputed television leader in Brazil, the network with the most popular programs, news and sports for all of Brazil, having recently declared its hold on Brazil's broadcast of the 2016 Summer Olympic Games (to be held in Globo's headquarters city of Rio De Janiero), which, together with Rede Bandeirantes and Rede Record, will be Brazil's first joint Olympic broadcast in many years. [edit] Corporate LogosGlobo has used several logos throughout its history.[2] The first version of the current logo design debuted in 1975, a blue ball with a television shaped box in the middle, with another ball inside it. The second version of the current logo debuted in 1986, now with the two balls being silver, and the inside being rainbow colored. Most of Globo's modern logos have been minor variations of this design. Hans Donner designed the current logo and presentation packages used by Globo, in both 2008 and 2009. These include interprogram idents and even an enhanced Plim-Plim interval ident. [edit] Corporate Slogans
[edit] Interval slogans (in English), New Year and sporting slogans
[edit] Network interval and intercorporation slogans[edit] Network-wide
[edit] Rede Globo stations and affiliate networks
[edit] New Year Slogans
[edit] Sports Coverage and Programming Slogans
[edit] List of active programs on Globo channels
Includes programs on Rede Globo, Globo News, TV Globo Internacional stations and affiliated stations with broadcast days attached. Those broadcast in HD are in bold. [edit] Drama
[edit] Variety
[edit] News and Public Affairs
[edit] Educational, Environmental and Social service
[edit] Sports Programming and Coverages
[edit] Movie Blocks
[edit] Children's programming
Comedy
[edit] Availability Globo is simulcast in analogue and digital television, in standard definition and 1080i high definition. On December 2, 2007, test simulcasts for 1080i begin in the São Paulo market; Rio de Janeiro, Brasília and Belo Horizonte followed on February, 2008, with other capitals following on the next months.[5] Prior to this, the Rede Globo provided 480i standard definition service.[6][7] Globo is broadcast in metropolitan areas through a number of owned-and-operated stations including G-RJ Rio de Janeiro, G-SP São Paulo, G-DF Brasília, G-MG Belo Horizonte, G-NE Recife. Rede Globo programming is also carried into other areas of regional Brazil by 147 locally-branded affiliate television networks owned by third-party companies. The Rede Globo covers 98,53% of the territory of Brazil.[2] TV Globo Internacional (Globo International Network) operates satellite television channels around the world, including the The Americas, Europe, Middle East, Japan, Africa (especially the Portuguese-speaking countries), and Australia, bringing a mix of entertainment, news and sports programming to Brazilian and other Portuguese-speaking people. It has also operates a premium channel in Portugal, called TV Globo Portugal, since October 2007, having previously operated a similar channel called GNT Portugal, which ceased broadcasting in April 2006. TV Globo International in the US is carried by both satellite service (Dish Network, DirecTV) (which also offer Globosat's Brazilian soccer channel Premiere Futebol Clube) and by cable (Comcast in Miami, Boston, New Jersey, RCN in Boston and Atlantic Broadband in Atlanta). In Canada it is available through Rogers Cable, in Mexico and other Latin American countries, it can be seen on SKY satellite.[8] TV Globo International is broadcasted in Australia and New Zealand via UBI World TV. [edit] OnlineGlobo.com is the Internet portal arm of the company and has large historical video library and provides part of current content recorded and live TV news and special shows such as Big Brother Brasil. It also broadcasted the World Cup 2006 games live in 480i and 480p. The portal also provides large access to media conglomerate products such magazines, newspapers and live radio. The domain attracted at least 1.8 million visitors annually by 2008 according to a Compete.com study [9] and currently is ranked 87° most accessed site in the world according Alexa [10] [edit] Centers The Television network is the centerpiece of enterprise. Globo has its main production complex in Rio de Janeiro. Opened in 1995,the "Projac" (officially named "Central Globo de Produção", or Globo Central Production Center), where most of their shows are produced, is one of largest TV production centers in the world and the biggest in Latin America, with numerous lots and urban areas as backdrops for soap operas. In the late 90s, Globo moved part of its news division—encompassing both news desks, production staff and studios—to the city of São Paulo, Itaim Bibi district. This is where its satellite headquarters are located, inside the home city of Rede Record, its rival network since Globo's founding in 1965. Nevertheless, its main news shows, such as Jornal Nacional and Fantástico, as well as its own news channel Globo News, remain broadcasted from the main headquarters in Rio de Janeiro. This is where Globo's news headquarters, the Globo Journalism Center (now the Globo News and Sports Broadcasting Center) is located. Rede Globo is part of the Organizações Globo group, a major Brazilian media conglomerate. Its associated companies are: Globo Filmes (motion picture company), Globo International Network (international broadcasting), Globo Marcas (branding and advertising), Globo Video (internet video), Globo Minas (television station at Belo Horizonte), Globo Brasília (television station at Brasília), Globo Nordeste (television station at Recife), Globo Rio de Janeiro (television station at Rio de Janeiro) and Globo São Paulo (television station at São Paulo). [edit] International CorrespondentCities: [edit] Controversy
See also: Beyond Citizen Kane As a consequence of the size of its viewership, Rede Globo is in a position to exert significant influence over the outcome of a local or national election. In the 1989 presidential elections, Globo aired the final debate between Fernando Collor de Mello and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, but edited the debate in such a way that Collor received considerably more air time than Lula, and juxtaposed some of Collor's more eloquent responses with some of Lula's less eloquent responses [11].Years later, the network publicly apologized for the incident, and electoral law was changed to prohibit networks from showing edited versions of political debates and enacted a law similar to the American equal-time rule. The theme was openly discussed in Jornal Nacional's official book, which was released in 2006. In 1993 the British Channel 4 made a documentary, Beyond Citizen Kane, about the power and influence of the network in Brazil. The documentary had participations of great Brazilian political characters, including Leonel Brizola, who was also a political adversary of Rede Globo.[citation needed] Globo has had a tempestuous history with the organization which owns Brazil's 2nd largest TV network: the Rede Record. Record's owners, the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God, were mired in controversy during the church's growth, including an incident in 1995, when Globo aired a tape which showed the church's founder, Edir Macedo, teaching other church officials how to manipulate church followers into giving more money to the church.[12] The network was also the first to shown the footage of what became known as the kicking of the saint incident. On September 27, 2007, Rede Globo's rival, Rede Record, launched Brazil's first free-to-view 24-hour news channel on terrestrial television, Record News. Two days before the launch, the Vice-President of Organizações Globo, Evandro Guimarães, went to Brasilia to meet government officials, including the Communications Minister, Hélio Costa, accusing Record Network of owning two television networks, Rede Record and Record News, inside the city of São Paulo, in violation of Brazilian law. Record attacked Globo in an editorial in its national news broadcast, Jornal da Record, accusing Globo of trying to save its monopoly on media and news, and claimed that Globo was "afraid" of Record News.[13] In its response, Record cited Globo's past controversies and the network's supportive relationship with Brazil's Military Dictatorship.[citation needed] [edit] References
[edit] External links
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