Rangers

Full name	Rangers Football Club
Nickname(s)	The Gers, Teddy Bears, Light Blues
Founded	1873[1]
Ground	Ibrox Stadium (Capacity: 51,082[2])
Chairman	Alastair Johnston
Manager	Walter Smith
League	Scottish Premier League
2008–09	Scottish Premier League, 1st
Home colours Away colours Third colours
Current season

Rangers Football Club are an association football team based in Glasgow, Scotland, who currently play in the Scottish Premier League. The club are nicknamed the Gers, Teddy Bears (from the rhyming slang for the same) and the Light Blues,^[3] and the fans are known to each other as bluenoses.^[4] They are sometimes referred to as Glasgow Rangers, although the word Glasgow does not form part of the club's official title.^[5] The club is incorporated as The Rangers Football Club plc.^[6] The club's home is the all-seated 51,082-capacity Ibrox Stadium in south-west Glasgow.

Rangers have won 52 domestic league titles, more than any other team in the world. They have won the Scottish League Cup 25 times — more than any other Scottish club — and the Scottish Cup 33 times.^[7] In 1961 Rangers were the first British team to compete in a European final when they reached the final of the European Cup Winners' Cup. They won the European Cup Winners' Cup in 1972, having been the runners-up in 1961 and 1967, and were runners-up in the 2008 UEFA Cup Final. An estimated 150,000 Rangers fans made the journey to Manchester for the final, most of whom did not have tickets.

Rangers' players and fans today are multi-national and of various religious and political affiliations, although the club have traditionally been identified with and favoured the Protestant and Unionist community of Scotland, as well as the Unionist community in Northern Ireland. For most of their history, Rangers have enjoyed a fierce rivalry with their cross-city opponents Celtic,^[8] and the two are collectively known as the Old Firm.

History

Formation and early years

The four founders of Rangers - brothers Moses and Peter McNeil, Peter Campbell and William McBeath - met in 1872 and named their team after an English rugby club upon seeing the name in a book.^[9] In May of that year the first match was played, a 0–0 draw in a friendly against Callander F.C. on the public pitches of Glasgow Green. The only other match played that year was another friendly against a team called Clyde (not the present-day Clyde) resulting in an 11–0 victory and featuring the debut of the club's blue strip.^[10] The official founding of Rangers is recognised as taking place in 1873, when the club held its first annual meeting and staff were elected. The first season's fixtures were all friendlies, as the deadline for joining the Scottish Football Association had been missed, meaning the team did not take part in the inaugural Scottish Cup.^[10] By 1876 Rangers had their first internationalist, with Moses McNeil representing Scotland in a match against Wales, and by 1877 Rangers had reached a Scottish Cup final. The first ever Old Firm match took place in 1888, the year of Celtic's establishment. Rangers lost 5–2 in a friendly to a team largely comprised of "guest players" from Hibernian.

The 1890–91 season saw the inception of the Scottish Football League, and Rangers were one of ten original members. By this time Rangers were playing at the first Ibrox Stadium. Rangers' first ever league match took place on 16 August 1890 and resulted in a 5–2 victory over Heart of Midlothian. After finishing equal-top with Dumbarton a play-off was held at Cathkin Park to decide the who would be champions. The match finished 2–2 and the title was shared for the only time in its history, the first of Rangers' world record 52 championships.^[10] Rangers' first ever Scottish Cup win came in 1894 after a 3–1 victory over rivals Celtic in the final. By the turn of the century Rangers had won two league titles and three Scottish Cups.

The Struth Years

The 1919/20 season heralded the dawn of a new era for Rangers as manager William Wilton and number two William Struth initiated a Rangers dominance that was to last until the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939. Though winning this season with 31 wins out of 42 games and scoring 106 goals, it was overshadowed by the subsequent death of manager, William Wilton. Taking over the manager's mantle, William Struth guided Rangers to a further 14 titles before the war. This period was also noteworthy for the attendances. On the 2 January 1939 a British league record was broken as 118,567 fans turned out to watch Rangers beat Celtic in the traditional new year holiday old firm match.^[11]

1970s

The 1971 Ibrox disaster overshadowed what happened on the pitch to a large extent in the early 1970s. On 2 January 1971, in the final minutes of the New Year's Day Old Firm game with the score set at 0–0, Jimmy Johnstone scored for Celtic. Within seconds Colin Stein had equalised for Rangers. As the 80,000 strong crowd was trying to disperse at full time, many fell down the stairway at the Copland Road end of the ground. Their momentum led to large scale crushing and 66 people died. It was initially thought the crush was caused by Rangers fans rushing back up the stairwell after the equaliser;^[12] however, a later enquiry said that the crush was likely to have happened ten minutes after the final whistle and to have been triggered by someone falling on the stairs.^[12] A benefit match to raise funds for the victims' families took place after the disaster. A joint Rangers and Celtic team took on a Scotland XI at Hampden watched by 81,405 fans.

In 1972, Rangers defeated FC Dynamo Moscow to win the Cup Winner's Cup, their first and only European trophy to date. Captain John Greig received the trophy in a small room within the Nou Camp due to a pitch invasion by Rangers fans.^[13]

Nine in a Row

Every year from 1988–89 season until the 1996–97 season, Rangers won the league title. This 9 in a row achievement meant that they equalled Celtic's record. The first three of these seasons the club was managed by Graeme Souness, the later six under the stewardship of Walter Smith.

Under Paul Le Guen

Paul Le Guen replaced Alex McLeish as manager after season 2005–06.

The season started poorly for Rangers, with a number of losses and draws against teams lower in the league, as well as their being knocked out of the League Cup by Division One side St. Johnstone. Rivals Celtic built a lead at the top of the table, while Rangers fought for second place alongside Hearts and Aberdeen. The first Old Firm match of the season resulted in a 2–0 defeat; the second - at Ibrox - was a 1–1 draw.

In the UEFA Cup Rangers became the first Scottish side to qualify for the last 32 of the competition in its current format.

There had been rumours during the season of disharmony at Rangers, between Scottish and foreign units, with players including captain Barry Ferguson disapproving of Le Guen's strict disciplinarian stance.^[14] It was announced on 4 January 2007 that Le Guen had left Rangers by mutual consent.^[15]

Walter Smith's return

On 10 January 2007, it was announced that former manager Walter Smith was the new manager of Rangers, with Ally McCoist as assistant manager and Kenny McDowall as first-team coach.^[16]

The following season Rangers embarked on a UEFA Cup adventure after dropping into the competition from the Champions League. The club progressed to the final, defeating Panathinaikos, Werder Bremen, Sporting Lisbon and Fiorentina along the way. The final was against Zenit St. Petersburg who are managed by former Rangers manager Dick Advocaat. They lost that match 2–0, amid serious disturbances caused by some supporters. Video evidence was released by the Greater Manchester Police of Rangers fans attacking officers in Manchester city centre following the defeat.^[17]

The 2008–09 season saw Rangers make a below-par start to their UEFA Champions League campaign, losing out in the knock-out stage to FC Kaunas of Lithuania. The financial consequences of the failures to qualify for the Champions League were revealed when the club posted a loss of £3.9m for the six months to December 2008, and in March decided to offer staff the option of voluntary redundancy as a way of cutting costs.^[18] Despite a tight title race, on the final day of the league, Rangers managed to claim their 52nd league title. With their title success, Rangers gained automatic entry into next season's Champions League group stage. Rangers won the Homecoming Scottish Cup for the 33rd time after defeating Falkirk 1-0 in the final, clinching a double in the process.

Club colours and crest

The club colours of Rangers F.C. are royal blue, white and red.

The team's home strip invariably features a royal blue shirt (often with white and/or red trim). Traditionally this is accompanied by white shorts (often with royal blue and/or red trim) and black socks with red turn-downs.^[19] However when wearing the 'home strip' Rangers will occasionally alter the shorts and socks, sometimes replacing the black socks with white ones; or replacing the white shorts and black socks combination with royal blue shorts and socks.

The basic design of Rangers away strips has changed far more than the traditional home strip. White and red have been the most common predominant colours for Rangers alternate strips, though dark and light blue have also featured highly.^[20]

In recent years, Rangers have also introduced a third kit.^[21] This is usually worn if both the home and away kits clash with their opponents. The colours used range from light blue to red to a very controversial orange (called tangerine by the club).^[22]

Sponsors and manufacturers

Year	Kit manufacturer[23]	Shirt Sponsor
1978–1984	Umbro
1984–1987		CR Smith
1987–1990		McEwan's Lager
1990–1992	Admiral
1992–1997	Adidas
1997–1999	Nike
1999–2002		NTL
2002–2003	Diadora
2003–2005		Carling
2005–2010	Umbro

Old Firm and sectarianism

The club's most distinct rivalry is with Celtic F.C, the other major football club based in Glasgow; the two clubs are collectively known as the Old Firm. Rangers' traditional support has largely come from the Protestant Unionist community. During the late 19th century, many immigrants came to Glasgow from Ireland. This was around the same time that both Old Firm clubs were founded (Rangers in 1873 and Celtic in 1888). Rangers came to be identified with the Scottish Protestant community.

Until Graeme Souness signed former Celtic player Mo Johnston, in 1989, Rangers were said by him to have had an "unwritten policy"^[24] of not signing any player who was Catholic;^[25] although Johnston was by no means the first Catholic to sign for the club,^[26] he was the first openly Catholic, high-profile player to sign for them since World War I.^[27]

In 1999, Rangers' vice-chairman Donald Findlay was forced to resign after he was filmed singing sectarian songs^[28] (The Billy Boys) at an event organised by a Rangers Supporters Club.

In 2002 the club dropped their controversial orange away strip after a "furious debate over whether Rangers were profiting from their sectarian overtones," though the club said their decision was "a commercial decision, not based on politics. We change the shirt every season with new designs to try to make it new and fresh."^[22] Anti-sectarianism campaigners and politicians had criticised the club's decision to market an orange shirt, as the colour is associated with the Orange Institution.

On 12 April 2006, following an investigation into the conduct of Rangers supporters at both legs of their UEFA Champions League tie against Villareal, UEFA imposed a fine of £8,800 on Rangers following the improper conduct of some of their supporters, notably the smashing of a window of the Villarreal team bus at the second-leg match in Spain on 7 March.^[29] However, UEFA declared the Rangers fans not guilty of alleged discriminatory chants.^[29] UEFA challenged the ruling, and their Appeals Body partially upheld it,^[30] fining the Ibrox club £13,500 and warning them as to their responsibility for any future misconduct.

On 9 June 2006, Rangers, in conjunction with representatives from several supporters clubs, announced that they would comply with three UEFA directives:

• The club were "ordered to announce measurable targets in order to reduce sectarian behaviour amongst its supporters".
• The club were "to control their anti-sectarian activities by producing comprehensive statistics that are communicated to the public".
• The club were "to make a public address announcement at every official fixture, be it international or domestic, stating that any sectarian chanting and any form of the song The Billy Boys is strictly prohibited".^[31]

Despite these measures, UEFA again fined Rangers (12,000 Euros) after some Rangers fans were filmed making sectarian chants and clashed with riot police during their defeat by Osasuna in the UEFA Cup in 2007.^[32][33] Osasuna were fined 45,000 Euros for their failings in organising the match and for their own supporters' behaviour. The Rangers Supporters Association secretary indicated his belief that a small minority of fans were to blame, suggesting "it doesn't matter how often they are told [to stop sectarian chanting], some people will just not listen."^[34]

In 2008, Rangers fans' singing of the Famine song, containing the lyrics "The famine's over now / Why don't you go home", caused controversy. The football club urged fans to stop singing the song, and warned they could be arrested for it.^[35] Rangers' chief executive Martin Bain also warned fans they could be arrested for singing the song, but would not condemn the chanting.^[36][37][38] He also said "Clearly some supporters feel aggrieved that a song they believe to be no more than a tit-for-tat 'wind up' of Celtic supporters should be singled out in this way and merit the attention of police, governments and anti-racist organisations".^[39] The song was condemned as racist by anti-racism group Show Racism the Red Card^[40] and described as "vile, vicious and racist" by Celtic chairman John Reid^[41] and complaints prompted Irish diplomats to contact the Scottish government.^[42] The Rangers Supporters Trust (RST), however rejected claims that the song was racist, saying : "Racism is not a wind-up, however distasteful, aimed at Scottish Celtic fans".^[43]

In November 2008, a fan was found guilty of a breach of the peace (aggravated by religious and racial prejudice) by singing the Famine song during a game on 9 November against Kilmarnock.^[44] In February 2009, sectarian chanting by some Rangers fans during an Old Firm match at Celtic Park was reported to the SPL by the match delegate, again relating to the chanting of the Famine Song.^[45][46]

Both the club and its fans are disparagingly nicknamed Huns by some fans of other teams.^{[47][48][49][50][51][52][53]} The Rangers Supporters Trust, in their statement defending singing of the Famine Song, described the nickname as "sectarian abuse".^[43] The anti-sectarian charity Nil By Mouth also considers "Huns" to be a sectarian insult.^[54] In 2008, a Celtic fan was convicted of a religiously aggravated breach of the peace for wearing a t-shirt with the slogan "dirty horrible huns".^[55]

Rangers' efforts to eliminate sectarianism

In recent times, both Rangers and Celtic have taken measures to combat sectarianism. Working alongside the Scottish Parliament, church groups, pressure groups such as Nil by Mouth, schools and community organisations, the Old Firm have endeavoured to clamp down on sectarian songs, inflammatory flag-waving, and troublesome supporters, using increased levels of policing and surveillance.^[56]

In August 2003 Rangers launched its 'Pride Over Prejudice' campaign to promote social inclusion, which has urged fans to wear only traditional Rangers colours and avoid offensive songs, banners and salutes. This involved publishing the 'Blue Guide', known as the "Wee Blue Book", which contained a list of acceptable songs and was issued to 50,000 supporters in August 2007.

In 2005, Rangers Football in the Community partnered with Celtic to form the 'Old Firm Alliance', an initiative aimed at educating children from across Glasgow about issues like healthy eating and fitness, as well as awareness of anti-social behaviour, sectarianism and racism.

The club's 'Follow With Pride' campaign was launched in 2007 to improve the club's image and build on previous anti-racist, anti-sectarian campaigns.^[57][58]

Rangers have a Sectarianism and Racism Monitoring Committee, which reports to the club's board on club policy relating to sectarianism, racism and equality.^{[citation needed]} In the past there has been racism directed to players on the pitch at Rangers games, from both home and opposition fans.^[59] The club, through the Rangers Study Centre, is also involved in the "Ready To Learn" project, along with Glasgow City Council. The aims of the project include raising awareness of sectarianism, racism and prejudice among young people in Glasgow.^{[citation needed]} In 2006 William Gallard, UEFA's Director Of Communications, commended the SFA and Scottish clubs, including Rangers, for their actions in fighting discrimination.^[60] Further, in September 2007, UEFA praised Rangers for the measures the club had taken against sectarianism.^[61]

Stadium and training facility

The club used a variety of grounds in Glasgow as a venue for home matches in the years between 1872 and 1899. The first was Flesher's Haugh, situated on Glasgow Green, followed by Burnbank in the Kelvinbridge area of the city, and then Kinning Park for ten years from the mid-1870s to the mid-1880s. From February of the 1886–87 season, Cathkin Park was used until the first Ibrox Park, in the Ibrox area of south-west Glasgow, was inaugurated for the following season. Ibrox Stadium in its current incarnation was originally designed by the architect Archibald Leitch, a Rangers fan^[62] who also played a part in the design of, among others, Old Trafford in Manchester and Highbury in London. The stadium was inaugurated on 30 December 1899, and Rangers defeated Hearts 3–1 in the first match held there.

Since 1899, two major disasters have taken place at the stadium. The first occurred in 1902 during a Scotland vs England international match, when a section of terracing collapsed, leading to the deaths of 26 people and over 500 injuries. The second disaster took place in 1971, during the traditional New Year's Day Old Firm match. As the crowd were leaving the match, barriers on the stairway to the rear of passageway 13 at the Copland End collapsed, causing a crush and resulting in the deaths of 66 people, with over 200 injuries. This led to a major redevelopment of Ibrox, overseen by the general manager Willie Waddell, including its conversion to an all-seater stadium. Ibrox was awarded UEFA five-star stadium status, now obsolete.^[63]

The stands in Ibrox are: The Bill Struth Main Stand (south; three tiers; the top one known as the Club Deck), Govan Stand (north; two tiers), and the Copland (east) and Broomloan (west) Stands (both two tiers), which are behind the goals. In addition to these, there are also the East and West Enclosures (in the lower tier of the Main Stand), and the two corners adjacent to the Govan Stand are filled in. As a result of work completed in the summer of 2006 to make the Bar 72 area situated in the Govan Stand, the total capacity of Ibrox is 51,082.^[2] On 22 August 2006, Rangers announced that the Main Stand would be renamed The Bill Struth Main Stand in September 2006 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the death of their former manager, who served Rangers for 34 years.^[64] There are currently plans underway for a redevelopment of Ibrox stadium which could result in Ibrox being rebuilt as a 70,000 seated stadium - which would make it the second largest club football stadium in Britain after Old Trafford. The official Rangers Website was quoted as saying: "We are analysing three strategies which would enhance the development of the existing outline planning proposals for the Hinshelwood area to the south of the stadium. One of the strategies includes the total rebuilding of Ibrox Stadium while retaining the brick facade, the tradition and the integrity of the Bill Struth Main Stand".^[65]

Rangers training facility is located in Auchenhowie, near Milngavie in Glasgow. The facility is known as Murray Park after chairman Sir David Murray. It was proposed by then-manager Dick Advocaat upon his arrival at the club in 1998. It was completed in 2001 at a cost of £14 million. Murray Park is the first purpose-built facility of its kind in Scotland, and incorporates features including nine football pitches, a state of the art gym, a hydrotherapy pool, and a video-editing suite. Rangers' youth teams are also accommodated at Murray Park, with around 140 players between under-10 and under-19 age groups using the training centre.^[66] Various first-team players have come through the ranks at Murray Park, including Alan Hutton, Chris Burke, Stevie Smith, John Fleck and Charlie Adam. International club teams playing in Scotland, as well as national sides, have previously used Murray Park for training, and Advocaat's South Korea team used it for training prior to the 2006 FIFA World Cup.

Players

Current squads

First-team squad

As of 1 September 2009^[67]

No. Position Player 1 GK Allan McGregor 2 MF Maurice Edu 3 DF David Weir (captain) 4 MF Pedro Mendes 5 DF Saša Papac 6 MF Lee McCulloch 7 MF Steven Davis 8 MF Kevin Thomson 9 FW Kris Boyd 10 FW Nacho Novo 11 MF Jérôme Rothen (on loan from Paris St-Germain) 14 FW Steven Naismith 16 DF Steven Whittaker 18 FW Kenny Miller 20 MF DaMarcus Beasley

No. Position Player 21 DF Kirk Broadfoot 24 DF Madjid Bougherra 25 GK Neil Alexander 26 DF Steven Smith 27 FW Kyle Lafferty 29 MF John Fleck 41 GK Scott Gallacher 45 FW Rory Loy 48 FW Andrew Little 51 MF Stephen Stirling 52 MF Andrew Shinnie 64 MF Kyle Hutton 66 DF Daniel Wilson 67 MF Jamie Ness 69 MF Gregg Wylde

Players out on loan

No. Position Player 17 FW Andrius Velička (on loan to Bristol City) 22 DF Andy Webster (on loan to Dundee United) 47 DF Jordan McMillan (on loan to Queen of the South) 54 DF Ross Perry (on loan to Oxford United) 62 GK Gary Inglis (on loan to Hamilton Academical)

Reserve and Youth squad

2009-10 transfers

Notable players

Internationalists

Team managers

Non-playing staff

Records

Club

Individual

All players are from Scotland unless otherwise stated.

Managerial

Name	League	Scottish Cup	League Cup	Europe	Total
Wilton, WilliamWilliam Wilton	8	1	0	0	9
Struth, BillBill Struth	18	10	2	0	30
Symon, ScotScot Symon	6	5	4	0	15
White, DavidDavid White	0	0	0	0	0
Waddell, WilliamWilliam Waddell	0	0	1	1	2
Wallace, JockJock Wallace	3	3	4	0	10
Greig, JohnJohn Greig	0	2	2	0	4
Souness, GraemeGraeme Souness	3	0	4	0	7
Smith, WalterWalter Smith	8	5	4	0	17
Advocaat, DickDick Advocaat	2	2	1	0	5
McLeish, AlexAlex McLeish	2	2	3	0	7
Le Guen, PaulPaul Le Guen	0	0	0	0	0

Honours

League

Scottish League championships (52)

1891, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1937, 1939, 1947, 1949, 1950, 1953, 1956, 1957, 1959, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1975, 1976, 1978, 1987, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2009.

Cups

Cup Winners' Cup winners (1)

1972

Scottish Cup winners (33)

1894, 1897, 1898, 1903, 1928, 1930, 1932, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1953, 1960, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1973, 1976, 1978, 1979, 1981, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2008, 2009.

League Cup winners (25)

1947, 1949, 1961, 1962, 1964, 1965, 1971, 1976, 1978, 1979, 1982, 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2008.

Europe

Superleague Formula

Rangers Football Club has a team in the Superleague Formula race car series. The Rangers F.C. team has been operated by Alan Docking Racing. In 2008 Ryan Dalziel drove for Rangers F.C. in the teams maiden sason. James Walker also drove for the team in one round of the 2008 season and posted their best result, a fourth place finish.

For the 2009 season, the team were much more successful with Australian driver John Martin posting 3 podium places including one win at Donington Park.

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Rangers F.C.

• Club home page
• Rangers on BBC Sport: Club News – Recent results – Upcoming fixtures – Club stats

• Rangers History Project

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