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This article is about Raipur, the capital city of Chhattisgarh. For other places, see Raipur (disambiguation).
Raipur
[edit] History
On the basis of ruins of a fort and other structures located on the southern part of the city, some historians believe that the city of Raipur was in existence even during the 9th century. However, most historians agree that King Brahmadeva Rai founded the city in the last quarter of the 14th century. Raipur district is important in historical and archeological point of view. This district was once part of Southern Kosal and considered to be under Mourya Kingdom. Raipur city had been the capital of the Haihaya Kings, controlling the traditional forts of the Chhattisgarh for a long time. The town of Raipur has been in existence since the 9th century, the old site and ruins of the fort can be seen in the southern part of the city. Satawahana Kings ruled this part till the 2nd-3rd century AD. In the 4th Century AD the king Samudragupta had conquered this region and established his domination till Fifth-Sixth Century AD when this part had come under the rule of Sarabhpuri Kings. For some period in Fifth-Sixth Century A.D., Nala kings dominated this area. Later on Somavanshi kings had taken the control over this region and ruled with Sirpur (Sripur-The city of Wealth) as their capital city. Mahashivgupt Balarjun was the mightiest emperor of this Dynasty. His mother, the widow Queen of Harshgupta of the Somavansh, Rani Vasata built the famous brick temple of Lakshman. The Kalchuri Kings of Tumman ruled this part for a long time making Ratanpur as capital. The old inscriptions of Ratanpur, Rajim and Khallari refer to the reign of kalchuri kings. It is believed that the King Ramachandra of this dynasty established the city of Raipur and subsequently made it the capital of his kingdom. Another story about Raipur is that King Ramachandra's son Brahmdeo Rai had established Raipur. His capital was Khalwatika (now Khallari). The newly constructed city was named after Brahmdeo Rai as 'Raipur'. It was during his time in 1402 A.D. that Hajiraj Naik the temple of Hatkeshwar Mahadev was constructed in the banks of river Kharun.The decline of this dynasty's rule came with the death of king Amarsingh Deo. This region had become the domain of Bhosle kings after the Amarsingh deo's death. With the death of Raghuji the III, the territory was assumed by the British Government from Nagpur and Chhatisgarh was declared a separate Commissionery with its Headquarters at Raipur in 1854. After independence, Raipur district was included in Central Provinces And Berar.[1][2][3] [edit] Geography and climate
The new city of Raipur is located near the centre of a large plain, sometimes referred as the "rice bowl of India", where hundreds of varieties of rice are grown. The Mahanadi River flows to the east of the city of Raipur, and the southern side has dense forests. The Maikal Hills rise on the north-west of Raipur; on the north, the land rises and merges with the Chota Nagpur Plateau, which extends north-east across Jharkhand state. On the south of Raipur lies the Baster Plateau. [edit] Climate
Raipur has a tropical wet and dry climate, temperatures remain moderate for most of the year, apart from the summer from March to June, which can be extremely hot. The city receives about 1300 mm (51 inches) of rain, mostly in the monsoon season from late June to early October. Winters last from November to January and are mild, although lows can fall to 5 °C (42 °F) [edit] Transport
Raipur is connected via rail,road,and air transport services. Raipur is situated on the Mumbai-Howrah route of Indian Railways and is well connected with such important places as Bhopal Junction, Indore, Gwalior, Jabalpur, Mumbai, Howrah, Kolkata (Calcutta), Delhi, Amritsar, Jamshedpur, Pune, Bhopal Habibganj, Jabalpur, Nagpur, Vishakapatnam, Thiruvananthapuram, Patna, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Jodhpur, Jaipur, Bhubaneswar, Secundrabad, Lucknow, Kanpur, Gorakhpur, Chennai and Bangalore. National Highway 6 (Dhule-Kolkata) passes through the city of Raipur, and National Highway 43,200,12A links the city with Jabalpur. It is well connected by road to all important places of India. Recently a 4 Lane Expressway has been built between Raipur-Bhilai-Durg. Air links to the city were revived after the city became the state capital. Indian Airlines connects the city with Mumbai, Chennai, Bhubaneswar, and Nagpur. Jet Airways has daily flights to Bombay (Mumbai), Delhi, Bhopal, Indore, Ahmedabad, and Hyderabad. Kingfisher Airlines has flights to Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Indore, Bangalore, and Hyderabad. [edit] Bus servicesRaipur City Bus is a road transport system run by Raipur City Transport Services Limited. Raipur municipal corporation relaunched the Raipur City Bus service in 25 Feb 2008, an extensive service with some routes servicing most areas in city. The company runs 6 low floor buses (Tata star), equipped with GPS devices, electronic sign boards and computerised vending machines. [edit] PoliticsRaipur is capital of newly created state of Chhattisgarh. The state of Chhattisgarh is presently governed by the Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) one of the two main political parties of India. Dr. Raman Singh is the chief minister of Chhattisgarh at present. [edit] Economy Raipur when was a part of Madhya Pradesh was used to be the Third Commercial Capital of Madhya Pradesh (Raipur, The Third Commercial Capital of Madhya Pradesh) after the city of Indore and Dewas. Now also it is primarily a commercial city. Traditionally, the city of Raipur has been described as "an agricultural-processing and saw-milling town". The city is located centrally in the state of Chhattisgarh, and now serves as a regional hub for trade and commerce for a variety of local agricultural and forest products. Recently, The Madhya Pradesh Agriculture Corporation Limited is soon going to develop its second Headquarter of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh in city of Raipur which will be Second in Central India while first in Chhattisgarh hence Raipur will soon competete with other Commercial Capitals like Indore and Nagpur for agriculture - bias. The upcoming building of Madhya Pradesh Agriculture Corporation Limited is the Largest Building of the company which is in Raipur instead of its Headquarters at Bhopal whose building is comparatively small. There are several small-scale industries, which include oil milling, soap manufacturing, agarbatti, papad, chawal, poha, chai, cofi, biskut, moomphali, saabu daane, chutney, achaar, namkeen, chiwda and electrical welding. The traditional face of city has changed, and the city of Raipur and its neighbourhood are now becoming an important regional commercial and industrial destination for the coal, power, steel and aluminium industries. Close to Raipur, several industries have developed :
Raipur is among the richest cities & India’s biggest iron market - there are about 173 steel rolling mills, 170 sponge iron plants, more than 250 steel plants, 800 agro-industries and 70 ferro-alloy plants in and around the city. There are more than 300 rice milling plants, and all major and local cement manufacturing companies have a presence in the city. Raipur, like many other Tier II Indian cities, is experiencing a boom in construction and development. Firms like Indigo Design & Engineering Associates PLC., Soma Developers, DLF, omaxe, merlin group etc. are among the trailblazers in the city. The new airport along with improved road and rail infrastructure is expected to give a general filip to the city. Naya Raipur Development Authority, the project promoter, is developing the township that will have an 18-hole golf course over 400 acres (1.6 km2), golf villas, residential and commercial buildings, and a hotel. [edit] DemographicsBeing an important regional centre and a city with a history stretching back more than a thousand years, Raipur has been attracting people from different parts of Madhya Pradesh and neighbouring states. The demographic composition is a mixed one: North Indians, South Indians, local ethnic Chattisgarhri and a few from North East. The city is essentially inhabited by the trading communities like Baniyas, Agarwals, Jains, Gujaratis, and Marwaris. Due to close proximity with Orissa there is large numbers of Oriya population found in the city as well as in the state. The city is also home to an immigrant population that includes Sindhis and the Sikhs. It also has a sizable Bengalis, Telugu, Malayalees and Maharashtrians population. Muslims and Christians are minorities. Raipur has remained calm even during times of communal riots during 1992-93 and during the post-Godhra period in 2002, thus presenting a unique model of harmony and coexistence in the newly formed state. Muslims primarily reside in such areas as Moudhapara (occupied by the immigrants from UP and Bihar), Baijnathpara, Chota Para, Momin Para (Shia Islam community) and Byron Bazaar (which is named after a Briton who is supposed to have formed the place; Byron Bazar was once mostly inhabited by the Muslims from the "Madras Paltan" i.e. those serving in the British Army (Madras Regiment), and had occupied Byron Bazaar as a result of their regiment getting disbanded). The Christian population is scattered around the city.This city is also populated by the people of Gond cummunity. As of 2001[update] India census[4], Raipur had a population of 16,05,131. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Raipur has an average literacy rate of 72%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 78%, and female literacy is 65%. In Raipur, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. [edit] EducationThe state capital is served by these main universities:
Apart from several colleges offering undergraduate and postgraduate courses, there are many professional educational institutes viz.
Colleges of Raipur --
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