Kh-22 (NATO reporting name: AS-4 'Kitchen')
Kh-22 under a Tu-22M2
Type	air-to-surface missile
Place of origin	Soviet Union
Service history
In service	1962-2007
Used by	Russia
Production history
Manufacturer	Raduga
Specifications
Weight	5,820 kg (12,800 lb)
Length	11.65 m (38.2 ft)
Diameter	181 cm (71 in)
Warhead	900 kg (1,984 lb) HE shaped charge or 350–1000kT nuclear
Engine	Liquid-fuel rocket
Wingspan	300 cm (120 in)
Propellant	Hydrazine and IRFNA
Operational range	up to 400 km (220 nmi)
Speed	Mach 4
Guidance system	inertial with terminal active seeker
Launch platform	Tu-22M, Тu-22К, Тu-95К22

The Raduga Kh-22 (Russian: Х-22; AS-4 'Kitchen') is a large, long-range anti-ship missile developed by the Soviet Union. It was intended for use against US Navy aircraft carriers and carrier battle groups, typically with a nuclear warhead. The missile is considered a very powerful weapon, even when armed with a conventional warhead. Air Power Australia describes it as "a formidable weapon by any measure."

Contents 1 Development 2 Design 3 Operational history 4 Variants 5 Operators 5.1 Former Operators 6 Notes and references 7 External links

[edit] Development

The Kh-22 was developed from the late 1950s out of the official Soviet view that missiles were the wave of the future, and that manned bombers were obsolete. Faced with the threat that their bomber forces would be dismantled, Soviet VVS and AV-MF commanders set about to convert their heavy bombers as raketonosets, missile carriers. The Kh-22 (Complex 22) weapon was developed by the Raduga design bureau and used to arm the Tupolev Tu-22.

[edit] Design

The Kh-22 used an Isayev liquid-fuel rocket engine, fueled with hydrazine and IRFNA (inhibited red fuming nitric acid), giving it a maximum speed of nearly Mach 4 and a range of up to 400 km (220 nmi). It could be used in either high-altitude or low-altitude modes. In high-altitude mode it climbed to an altitude of 27,000 m (88,580 ft) and made a high-speed dive into the target, with a terminal speed of about Mach 4. In low-altitude mode, it climbed to 12,000 m (39,370 ft) and made a shallow dive at about Mach 1.2, making the final approach at an altitude under 500 m (1,640 ft). Guidance was by gyro-stabilized autopilot, with a radio altimeter.

It is claimed that when using a shaped charge 1000 kg warhead, it blew a hole 5 meters (15 feet) in diameter and penetrated 12 meters (38 feet) deep during Soviet tests.^[1], ^[2]

[edit] Operational history

The first service-ready missiles were ready in 1962.

The main launch platform is the Tu-22M 'Backfire',.^{[3] [4]} but Russia has also used it on the Тu-22К 'Blinder-B' and Tupolev Tu-95К22 'Bear-G'.

[edit] Variants

Two initial versions were built, the Kh-22A with a large conventional warhead and the Kh-22N, with a 350-1000-kiloton nuclear warhead.^[5]. In the mid-1960s this was supplemented by the Kh-22P, an anti-radiation missile for the destruction of radar installations. In the 1970s the Kh-22 was upgraded to Kh-22M and Kh-22MA standard, with new attack profiles, somewhat longer range, and a datalink allowing mid-course updates.

• Kh-22E - a conventionally-armed version for export

[edit] Operators

[edit] Former Operators

• Iraq- all retired after the US invasion.
•  Russia
•  Soviet Union- Passed onto successor states

[edit] Notes and references

[edit] External links

• http://airwar.ru/weapon/kr/x22.html (Russian)

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