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 Radley College (St Peter's College, Radley) is an English public school[1][2] situated on the edge of the village of Radley near Abingdon in Oxfordshire. The campus of school buildings, playing fields, golf course, lake, and farmland now covers some 800 acres, including the largest continuous area of mown grass in England.
[edit] History and ethosRadley was founded in 1847 by William Sewell (1804-79) and Robert Corbet Singleton (1810-81), and is one of only three remaining schools in the United Kingdom that admits only boys and at which all boys are boarders. The Founders were inspired by the Oxford Movement in the Anglican Church and aimed to create a school for boys where Christian principles of brotherliness were reinforced by the beauty of the environment and of the furnishings and objects which surrounded them. Daily choral services in a finely decorated chapel were a key aspect of the school, and remain so today. In addition, each boy had his own private space, an enclosed cubicle within a dormitory: this was a pioneering innovation which was rapidly adopted by other leading English public schools. The original idea was to found a school which mirrored the social and administrative structures of a College of Oxford University. Thus the Headmaster is called the Warden, and the teaching staff originally called Fellows (Latin Socius), are now known as Dons. The boys were initially affiliated to individual Fellows for pastoral care, and thus became known as Sociales, from which Radley derives the unique name for its boarding houses: Socials. The school was originally housed in Radley Hall, now known as the Mansion, built in the 1720s for the Stonehouse family. Later in the eighteenth century the estate passed to the Bowyer family, who commissioned Capability Brown to re-design the grounds. Elements of his design are still visible. After the school was founded, extensive building work took place, beginning with and Chapel, replaced by the current building in 1895, F Social and the Octagon, the earliest living accommodation for the boys, the Clocktower, now the icon of Radley, and the Dining Hall in 1910. Building work has continued throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, with two new Socials currently under construction. The grounds are extensive, including a lake, golf course, woodland, and the games pitches which are reputed to be the largest continuous area of mown grass in the south of England. Alumni include the England cricketers Ted Dexter, Andrew Strauss and Jamie Dalrymple, and the world rackets champion, James Male; the Poet Laureate, Andrew Motion; Sandy Nairne, Director of the National Portrait Gallery; the comedian Peter Cook; Charles Howard, the pioneering bomb disposal expert in World War 2, whose team was featured in The English patient by Michael Ondaatje; Clive Stafford-Smith, international Civil Rights campaigner; Gerald Brenan, the most revered Hispanist of the twentieth century; and Harold Monro, founder of the Poetry Bookshop, an influential figures of early twentieth century English poetry. Three histories of the school have been published, the most recent being No ordinary place: Radley College and the public school system, 1847-1997 by Christopher Hibbert, copies of which can be obtained from the school. [edit] Academic aspectsThe college is an academic institution that achieves competitive public exam results - an average of 92% As and Bs at A level examinations over the last two years - but music, art, and drama too play an important role in the life of the school, the latter more so than ever after the opening of the 400-seat "New Theatre" in October 2006. Over 20 entrance scholarships are awarded each year by examination and interview - for music, art, drama and all-round skills as well as academic excellence. Sixth Form Organ Scholarships are even awarded, to support the large Chapel Choir and choristership scheme. Recently the school has been attempting to raise funds to expand these schemes. The school was inspected by the Independent Schools Inspectorate in February 2008. The inspection report stated that the school provides an outstanding education.[3] [edit] Sports Most sports are played competitively and a number of hours are set aside for them daily. Rugby is the major sport of the Michaelmas (Autumn) Term. The 1st XV team and their pitch is known as 'Bigside' while the first years' sports teams are known as 'Midgets'.[citation needed] The school fields 21 rugby teams on most Saturdays of the Michaelmas term. Radley is widely recognised for its rowing reputation. In the Lent (Spring) term hockey and football are the main sports, alongside fives, for those not choosing to row, with cricket, tennis and athletics all popular in the Summer term. Some recent Old Radleians have progressed to play cricket for England or captain county level cricket teams. The cricket grounds have been described as 'one of the best in the country'[4] while the sporting facilities have been described as world class[5]. Recently in rowing, Radley has competed at Henley Royal Regatta, having reached the semi-final of the Princess Elizabeth Challenge Cup twice in the last two years and winning it in 1998. The boathouse is located on a stretch of the river Isis about one mile away from the main college campus.[citation needed] Sports such as fives, rackets, sailing and polo are all well represented. A real tennis court opened in July 2008, which made Radley College the only school in the world to have fives, squash, badminton, tennis, racquets and real tennis courts all on campus.[6] [edit] Socials The pupils live in one of ten "Socials" — see the school vernacular — named A–H, plus J and K, built for the start of the new academic year in September 2008 (The letter 'I' was excluded since it allegedly resembled the number 1 and the letter J, and because there is a history of 'I Social' being used in satirical College publications, most recently the Chronicle - see below). In the past, some boys additionally spent a number of terms resident in Orchard House, not a Social in itself but a smaller boarding house for about 30 pupils in the upper three years, but it has now been amalgamated into J Social. The socials are sometimes known by the name of their "Tutor" (Housemaster). For example, C Social is also sometimes known as Sparks's Social after its Tutor, Mr John Sparks. Each social has an Assistant Housemaster ('Resident Sub-Tutor') and Matron ('Pastoral Housemistress') who are also resident in the building. The socials J and K have been recently built to distribute the boys, making them the newest socials added in 100 years. As a result the number of boys in each social has dropped from an average of 80 to about 70, and the overall size of the school has increased notably. The socials compete against each other constantly in sports and extracurricular activities ranging from debating to chess, bridge, singing and, now, even the efficiency of their recycling of paper, plastic and cans. For the Shells (first years) there is even an inter-social Drama Prize - the Haddon Cup. Many Socials put on an annual play, performed and perhaps directed by boys in that social. Alternatively or additionally they might have a "Cultural Evening" of assorted musical performances, sketches, dances and dramatic extracts, staged in the Silk Hall or one of the theatres. Each social has Social colours,worn by all boys as both a strip on their gown and the colours of the Social tie. The colours are different to each other and easily recognisable - e.g. the H colours are yellow and dark green, whereas the K colours are white and light green. [edit] VernacularRadley, like many traditional public schools, has an unusual system for naming the school years, which can cause confusion to those not familiar with the system.
In earlier years there was also the "Fourth Form", which confusingly was a smaller group age 12-13 admitted in the summer term, having taken the entrance exams in the spring term. The term 'Shell' for a lower year group. The name originates from the shell-shaped alcove in 'School' at Westminster where the younger boys were originally taught.
[edit] CCF - Combined Cadet ForceCCF at Radley College is compulsory in the Remove year. Each Remove is expected to attend all training sessions, including Field Weekends, to attend either the Easter or Summer Camp (these last one week and take place in the Easter or Summer holidays respectively - see below). Selection for each Service is made at the end of the Shell year. Boys are given the opportunity to choose which section they join, but unfortunately the sizes of sections are limited and boys may not always be given their first choice. As well as learning specific Section skills, all boys will be given instruction on Navigation, First Aid etc in the Adventure Training Wing culminating in spending a weekend camping and walking in the Brecon Beacons. On moving to the V Form they may then choose to remain in the CCF as an NCO where they are encouraged to continue to the 6.2 year in a leadership role. Training takes place on Wednesday afternoons, either in the College grounds or at local military establishments. Each Section runs one Field Weekend (Sat afternoon - Mon evening) each term; this gives the opportunity for extended and enhanced training. Clothing, weapons, ammunition, equipment and Instructors are provided by the regular Services to assist with CCF training. [edit] Books, articles and periodicalsFoundation documents The diary of Robert Corbet Singleton, co-founder and first Warden of Radley has now been published for the first time. It is available on the web at http://singletonsdiary.wordpress.com It is a primary resource for the history of educational reform in the mid-nineteenth century and the Oxford Movement.  History of the College There have been three official histories of the College, commissioned to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the foundation, the centenary and the sesquicentenary respectively. Sicut Columbae: fifty years of St Peter’s College, Radley. By T.D. Raikes and other Old Radleians. James Parker & Co., Oxford and London, 1897. Raikes’ history of the first fifty years of the College is primarily based on reminiscences and first-hand accounts of the earliest years, informed by an author who had been schoolboy, prefect, teacher and close family member of several other Old Radleians. The sections on school sports are particularly valuable. A second edition was produced by Ernest Bryans in 1925 under an amended title Sicut Columbae: a history of St Peter’s College, Radley, 1847–1924. Basil Blackwell, for the Radleian Society, Oxford [1925]. Bryans made a few corrections to the earlier text and added chapters which cover the intervening twenty-five years. The history of Radley College, 1847–1947. By AK Boyd. Basil Blackwell, Oxford, 1948. Boyd’s history of Radley was written to celebrate the school’s centenary. Like TD Raikes, he had an unrivalled personal knowledge of the school, but he also sought to build on the earlier history with much more documentary material. To this end, he virtually created the school Archives by sourcing all of the extant material from anyone who had any past connection with the school, occasionally commissioning transcripts where the original was retained by the families who owned it. The strength of Raikes’ history was the depth of first-hand memoirs; Boyd’s in his use of, and extensive quotations from, the source material. No ordinary place: Radley College and the public school system. By Christopher Hibbert. John Murray, London, 1997. ISBN 0719551765 Christopher Hibbert’s history of the College was commissioned to celebrate the 150th anniversary of its foundation in 1997. Hibbert was described as ‘the leading popular historian now living in England.’ His approach was to place the school’s history within the context of public school education in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This allows a thematic approach within each chronological section. [edit] The buildings and groundsRecollections: the life and travels of a Victorian architect. Sir Thomas Graham Jackson, 1835–1924. Ed. by Nicholas Jackson. With an introduction and gazetteer by James Bettley. Unicorn Press, London, 2003. ISBN 0906290724. Thomas Graham Jackson was the architect who designed the infirmary and cloisters, chapel, dining hall, H Social, the South African War memorial, and the War Memorial gateway (Mem Arch). Updated version of the 1950 edition edited by Basil Jackson Looking at Radley: an architectural and historical survey of the earlier buildings. By M.T. Cherniavsky & A.E. Money. Radley College, [1981] Based on three articles and a course on the history of the buildings taught by Michael Cherniavsky whilst on a sabbatical at Radley College in1979. He describes the exterior views of Radley that would still be recognised by a visitor from the time of Warden Sewell in the 1850s. Tony Money, Archivist at Radley, then wrote about the various interior uses to which the buildings have been put over the years. The book is illustrated from photos in the College Archives. Radley Hall: the rediscovery of a country house. By Alison Maguire in Architectural History, Vol. 44, Essays in Architectural History Presented to John Newman (2001). Detailed study of the Mansion by a member of the architectural team responsible for its renovation after the fire in 1997 Capability Brown and the eighteenth-century English landscape. 2nd edn. By Roger Turner. Chichester, Phillimore, 1999. ISBN 1860771149 A brief note in the gazetteer about Brown’s work for Sir William Stonhouse at Radley Hall in 1770–1. [edit] Natural history and geologyThe fauna and flora of Radley and the neighbourhood. By the Radley College Natural History Society. James Parker, Oxford, 1906. Pioneering survey compiled from the field notes of the College Natural History Society, organised by classes and genera with locations The Radley district: its history, botany, entomology and geology. Ed. by T Field. Parker & Son, Oxford, 1912. Individual chapters on history, botany and entomology by the Warden and staff of Radley College, and on geology by M Odling, F.G.S., formerly a boy at the school, who became one of the first Demonstrators in Geology at the University of Leeds. Material was drawn from the College Natural History Society records and excursions [edit] SportManly and muscular diversions: public schools and the nineteenth-century sporting revival. Tony Money. Duckworth, London, 1997. ISBN 0715627937. Argues that the political and economic stability of the British upper class and, more importantly, the enthusiasm of boys at English boarding schools, was a crucial factor in the spread of contemporary team sports around the world. Draws extensively on material from Radley College Archives. Highly acclaimed Football at Radley, 1847-2000. Tony Money. [Radley College, 2000] Study of the development of football in the nineteenth century as individual schools created their own game, including Radley Football, and the subsequent adoption of Rugby Football as a nationally recognised sport [edit] BiographiesThe College Archives contain a collection of unpublished memorabilia by Old Radleians. The most significant biographies about specific Wardens and staff are: A forgotten genius: Sewell of St. Columba’s and Radley. By Lionel James. Faber and Faber, London, 1945. Biography of William Sewell, founder of Radley College, by a former member of staff. Makes extensive use of Sewell’s diaries, letters and sermons A memoir of the Reverend George Wharton, Precentor of Saint Peter’s College Radley. By Roscoe Beddoes. Oxford University Press, 1931. ‘Kitty’ Wharton was the most eccentric and long-serving of the nineteenth century schoolmasters of Radley Thomas Field, D.D.: a memoir. By Harold S. Goodrich. SPCK, London, 1937. Thomas Field was Warden of Radley, 1897-1913 In addition, biographies and autobiographies by Old Radleians often contain brief accounts of time at the school [edit] Radley in fictionNotable early novels set in Radley: Jaspar Tristram. By AW Clarke. William Heinemann, London, 1899. ‘ A sad evocation of the torments of adolescent homosexual love.’ The puppets dallying. Greening & Co., London, 1905 and Swan’s milk. Faber and Faber, London, 1924. By Louis Marlow. Young England. By Douglas Strong. Methuen, London, 1919. Acclaimed when it was published because the novel was written within a year of leaving the school, whilst convalescing from wounds received on the Western Front: ‘he was no blind lover of a system under which he had risen to the top; he longed for its reform, and this book describes his own constructive policy of change.’ Caper sauce. By SPB Mais. Hutchinson, London, c1950. SPB Mais was a part-time teacher at Radley during the Second World War, whilst Eastbourne College was evacuated to Radley. The novel describes the wartime adventures of a family forced to keep moving to find work, with Radley and Eastbourne thinly disguised as ‘Lumbury’ and ‘Sherstin’ [edit] Radley villageRadley village supports a flourishing local history society who have produced a number of publications and maintain an archive of local material. http://www.communigate.co.uk/oxford/radleyhistoryclub/ Radley vicarage by Radley History Club, 2005. A report of a 'buildings record' survey and archive research undertaken to determine the history, construction, and later development of this 14th-century building The history of Radley by Patrick Drysdale … [and others] Radley History Club, 2002. History of the village from prehistory to the present [edit] PeriodicalsThe College has a long history of journal and pamphlet publication, beginning with The Radleian' which has been in continuous production since 1864. Other journals have been Emergency ration and College Block, both produced during WW2; a series of 'alternative' journals particularly The Petreian and The New Radleian, and short-lived satirical works, such as The shrew. Individual Socials and Academic Societies have also produced journals from time to time, most notably the Natural History Society in the 1920s-1940s, and (currently 2009) the Economics journal In Demand. The Radleian is now an annual report on all school activities, supported by The Old Radleian published for the Radleian Society. The Radley College Chronicle was founded in February 2005. It is edited by a team of pupils in an online Wiki-style model (using Courseforum software) before being redacted into a fixed version and published three or four times a term. Material is contributed by the team of editors, and by other pupils and 'dons'. Original illustrations accompany the articles, commissioned especially from Art Scholars at the College. The paper has regular columns, including 'A Tutor's Diary' - a spoof diary of a housemaster of the fictional 'I Social'; 'Social Stereotypes' - similar to The Daily Telegraph's regular series, but written about "Radley types that may be seen in a Social near you..."; 'The Rumbler' - a regular opinion piece modelled on The Times' 'Thunderer; and 'Desert Island Dons' - a series of interviews with 'dons' (teachers) at the College in a similar style to Radio 4's Desert Island Discs . Nearly all of the articles are published anonymously and the Correspondence section is a mix of anonymous and signed correspondence from members of all parts of the Radley College community. [edit] About the authorsTimothy Digby Raikes was born in 1849, the son of Major-General T. Raikes. He entered Radley in the Summer of 1862, the first member of a family which has had have a very long association with the school. TD Raikes became a Prefect, won the school’s most prestigious academic prize, the Richards Gold Medal, and was awarded the James and Gibbs scholarships. He left in 1868 to attend Oriel College, Oxford, and was ordained from Cuddesdon College in 1875. TD Raikes then returned to Radley and served as an Assistant Master and Social Tutor (D) from 1879-1895. He died in Oxford in 1934. Ernest Bryans came to Radley as an Assistant Master in 1882. He was Social Tutor (G) 1884-1919, Bursar 1897-1913, Sub-Warden, 1914-1919, retired in 1919, and then served on the College Council from 1920 until the late 1940s. He died in 1951. Kenneth Boyd was born in 1889, the son of ABP Boyd. He entered Radley in Michaelmas Term 1905, as a member of Evans Social (C). He was awarded an entrance Exhibition, the James, Heathcote and Gibbs Scholarships, and became the Senior Prefect in 1910. He played cricket for the First XI in 1910-11, and football for the First team in 1910. In 1911 he left Radley to attend Hertford College, Oxford. He was an Assistant Master at Radley from 1919, becoming Tutor of G Social between 1930-36. He was actively involved in amateur dramatics at Radley and in local groups, including early productions at the Minack Theatre in Cornwall. He wrote scripts, particularly the Spitshead Story and Radley Dons’ plays, and the book The technique of play production. Boyd’s papers, diaries and drama memorabilia have been given to Radley College Archives by his family. Christopher Hibbert (born Arthur Raymond Hibbert) was born in 1924. He entered Radley as a member of Morgan’s Social (G) in 1927. He retained a life-long connection with the school. He wrote extensively on British history, winning the Heinemann Award for Literature for The destruction of Lord Raglan. He died in December 2008. Michael Cherniavsky was formerly head of History at Christ’s Hospital, where Denis Silk was one of his pupils. He spent the Summer Term, 1979, at Radley while on leave of absence from his post as Associate Professor of History at the University of Waterloo, Ontario. Tony Money was Archivist of Radley College. http://www.radley.org.uk/Pages/academic/library/tmoney.html AW Clarke pseudonym of Edward Ashley Walrond Clarke. He entered Radley in 1876. Left in 1879, and followed a career in the Foreign Office, ending as Consul-General to Zanzibar, 1909-1913. He married Angelena Milman in 1908. Died at Zanzibar, 14 February, 1913 Louis Marlow pseudonym of Louis Umfreville Wilkinson. Entered C Social, 1895, left 1899. Novelist and biographer who wrote under both names Douglas Strong pseudonym of Desmond Bertram Cancellor. Entered C Social in 1912, left 1916. He was the Senior Prefect. The novel was published posthumously after he was killed in action at Presau, 1 November, 1918, an action in which he was awarded the Military Cross. [edit] Television seriesDuring the 1979 summer term, the school's activities were filmed by the BBC for a series called "Public School", broadcast on BBC2 early in 1980. Capturing the end of a period when such schools felt genuinely afraid that the Labour government might push through legislation to close them down (there is a memorable scene of the headmaster expressing his delight in Margaret Thatcher's first election victory), the programme nevertheless now seems like a period piece, if only because it shows certain teaching methods and values that would never be allowed today.[citation needed]. [edit] Recent historyIn 2005 Radley College was one of fifty of the country's leading private schools which were found guilty of running an illegal price-fixing cartel which had allowed them to drive up fees for thousands of parents.[7] Each school was required to pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and all agreed to make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.[8] [edit] List of Wardens
[edit] Former pupilsMain category: Old Radleians
[edit] Literature
[edit] External links
[edit] References
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