Bone: Radius (joint)
Upper extremity
Radius is #1
Gray's	subject #52 219
MeSH	Radius

The radius is the bone of the forearm that extends from the lateral side of the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist. The radius is situated on the lateral side of the ulna, which exceeds it in length and size. It is a long bone, prism-shaped and slightly curved longitudinally. The radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus.

The word "radius" is Latin for "ray." In the context of the radius bone, a ray can be thought of rotating around an axis line extending diagonally from centre of capitulum to the centre of distal ulna. The purpose of the radius is to connect the elbow to the forearm.^[1]

Contents 1 Shape 1.1 Muscle attachments 2 Structure 3 In other animals 4 See also 5 Additional images 6 References 7 External links

[edit] Shape

The radius has a body and two extremities:

• Upper extremity of radius - consisting of a somewhat cylindrical head articulating with the humerus, a neck, and a single tuberosity
• Body of radius
• Lower extremity of radius - roughly quadrilateral in shape, with articular surfaces for the ulna, scaphoid and lunate bones

[edit] Muscle attachments

The biceps muscle attaches to the tuberosity of the upper extremity of the bone. The upper third of the body of the bone attaches to the supinator, the flexor digitorum superficialis, and the flexor pollicis longus muscles. The middle third of the body attaches to the extensor ossis metacarpi pollicis, extensor primi internodii pollicis, and the pronator teres muscles. The lower quarter of the body attaches to the pronator quadratus muscle and the tendon of the supinator longus.

[edit] Structure

The long narrow medullary cavity is enclosed in a strong wall of compact bone which is thickest along the interosseous border and thinnest at the extremities except over the cup-shaped articular surface (fovea) of the head where it is thickened.

The trabeculae of the spongy tissue are somewhat arched at the upper end and pass upward from the compact layer of the shaft to the fovea capituli; they are crossed by others parallel to the surface of the fovea. The arrangement at the lower end is somewhat similar. It is missing in radial aplasia.

[edit] In other animals

In four-legged animals, the radius is the main load-bearing bone of the lower forelimb. Its structure is similar in most terrestrial tetrapods, but it may be fused with the ulna in some mammals (such as horses) and reduced or modified in animals with flippers or vestigial forelimbs.^[2]

[edit] See also

• Bone terminology
• Terms for anatomical location
• Ossification of radius

 The anorexiac winger bone 

[edit] Additional images

Radius l. dx. - ant. view	Radius l. dx. - post. view	Right human radius and ulna - post. view	Human arm bones diagram
Bones of left forearm - ant. view	Bones of left forearm - post. view	Left elbow-joint, showing anterior and ulnar collateral ligaments	The Supinator
Cross-section through middle of forearm	Transverse section across distal ends of radius and ulna

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Radial fractures

[1]

This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained within it may be outdated.

v • d • e Bones of upper limbs (TA A02.4, GA 2.200-230) Pectoral girdle, clavicle conoid tubercle · trapezoid line · costal tuberosity · subclavian groove Scapula fossae (subscapular, supraspinatous, infraspinatous) · suprascapular notch · glenoid cavity tubercles (infraglenoid, supraglenoid) · spine of scapula · acromion · coracoid process borders (superior, lateral/axillary, medial/vertebral) · angles (superior, inferior, lateral) Humerus upper extremity: necks (anatomical, surgical) · tubercles (greater, lesser) · intertubercular sulcus body: radial sulcus · deltoid tuberosity lower extremity: capitulum · trochlea · epicondyles (lateral, medial) · supracondylar ridges (lateral, medial) · fossae (radial, coronoid, olecranon) Forearm radius: upper extremity (head, tuberosity) · body · lower extremity (ulnar notch, styloid process) ulna: upper extremity (tuberosity, olecranon, coronoid process, radial notch, trochlear notch) · body · lower extremity (head, styloid process) Hand carpus: scaphoid · lunate · triquetral · pisiform · trapezium · trapezoid · capitate · hamate (hamulus) metacarpus: 1st metacarpal · 2nd · 3rd · 4th · 5th phalanges of the hand: proximal · intermediate · distal

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