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Barack Obama campaigning in New Hampshire, August 2007.

Many aspects of the public image of United States President Barack Obama are unusual among American politicians and stand in stark contrast to those of many of his former opponents.

During his candidacy for President, his international and biracial background was unprecedented and engendered questions of racial authenticity and religious affiliation. Obama's lack of experience on the national stage became a recurring theme used by former rivals Hillary Clinton and John McCain. His perceived combination of political savvy, calm and even temperament, and conservative support during his election have all been credited with his election to the presidency.

Barack-Obama-portrait-PD.jpeg This article is part of a series about
Barack Obama
Background · Illinois Senate · US Senate
Political positions · Public image · Family
2008 primaries · Obama–Biden campaign
Transition · Inauguration · Electoral history
Presidency (Timeline)  · First 100 days  · Nobel Peace Prize

Contents

[edit] Origins and identity

Main article: Early life and career of Barack Obama

[edit] Race and culture

See also: A More Perfect Union (speech) and Henry Louis Gates arrest incident#Presidential involvement
Search Wikisource Wikisource has original text related to this article:

Obama is of biracial background: the son of a Kenyan Luo father and a Kansan White American mother of European descent. With his upbringing in Honolulu and Jakarta and his Ivy League education, Obama's early life experiences differ markedly from many of the African American politicians who launched their careers in the 1960s through participation in the civil rights movement.[1] In January 2007, The End of Blackness author Debra Dickerson warned against drawing favorable cultural implications from Obama's political rise: "Lumping us all together," Dickerson wrote in Salon, "erases the significance of slavery and continuing racism while giving the appearance of progress."[2]

Film critic David Ehrenstein, writing in a March 2007 Los Angeles Times article, compared the cultural sources of Obama's favorable polling among whites to those of "magical negro" roles played by black actors in Hollywood movies.[3] Expressing puzzlement over questions about whether he is "black enough," Obama told an August 2007 meeting of the National Association of Black Journalists that the debate is not about his physical appearance or his record on issues of concern to black voters. Obama said, "we're still locked in this notion that if you appeal to white folks then there must be something wrong."[4]

After a McCain advertisement accused Obama of being just a celebrity like Britney Spears or Paris Hilton, Obama asserted that McCain and other Republicans would try to scare voters because he (Obama) "doesn't look like all those other presidents on the dollar bills." A subsequent poll reported that although only 22% of Americans (58% of African-Americans) viewed McCain's advertisement as racist, 53% saw Obama's response as such (44% of African-Americans).[5] The Obama camp initially denied that the comment was on race, but campaign strategist David Axelrod later conceded that it was.[6]

A 2008 post-election poll by FactCheck.org found that about 22% of Americans incorrectly believe that Obama is of partial Arabic ancestry.[7]

[edit] Religion

See also: Jeremiah Wright controversy

In The Audacity of Hope, Obama writes that he "was not raised in a religious household". He describes his mother, raised by non-religious parents (whom Obama has specified elsewhere as "non-practicing Methodists and Baptists") to be detached from religion, yet "in many ways the most spiritually awakened person that I have ever known". He describes his father as "raised a Muslim", but a "confirmed atheist" by the time his parents met, and his stepfather as "a man who saw religion as not particularly useful". His spiritual change of heart as an adult and his coming to believe in Christianity is a major part of his autobiography Dreams from My Father. Obama has stated that he "felt a beckoning of the spirit" at this time. He has also said that his political/ethical beliefs are "guided by his Christian faith" including belief "in the power of prayer."[8]

Although Obama is a Christian, some July 2008 polls showed that some Americans incorrectly believed that he is Muslim or was raised Muslim (12% and 26%, respectively, in Pew[9] and Newsweek[10] polls). Citing the latter poll by CNN's Larry King, Obama responded, "...I wasn't raised in a Muslim home," and he said that advancement of the misconception insulted Muslim Americans.[11] In November 2008, James Zogby, president of the Arab American Institute expressed in a news report (reacting in part to a satirical New Yorker cover) that ethnic caricature involving faulty depiction of Obama's faith harms Muslim Americans, impeding their "opportunity to participate in the political process."[12]

Much of the speculations and allegations came from chain e-mails of unknown origin during Obama's presidential campaign.[8] A publication which speculates about Obama's concealed Muslim religious affiliation include The Obama Nation (published August 1, 2008) by Jerome Corsi. His book opens with a quote by Andy Martin, who The Nation,[13] The Washington Post,[14] and The New York Times[15] have identified as the primary source for the allegations that Obama is concealing a Muslim faith. Middle East scholar Daniel Pipes has also repeatedly claimed that Obama is a Muslim.

Speculation about Obama's Muslim heritage has been widely denounced in the news media by both political supporters and political opponents of Obama, such as David Freddoso in his book The Case Against Barack Obama, alike.

In March 2009, the Pew Research Center reported that 11% of Americans still believed that Obama was a Muslim, with the percentages highest (19%) among self-identified white Evangelical Protestants and people who disapproved of Obama's job performance, and lowest (6%) among blacks and college graduates. The poll indicated that 48% of those surveyed believed that he was Christian, down 3% from October 2008 (51%), and that 35% did not know his religion.[16]

[edit] Personal image

[edit] Youth and experience

In a December 2006 Wall Street Journal editorial headlined "The Man from Nowhere," Ronald Reagan speech writer and Fox News pundit Peggy Noonan advised "establishment" commentators to avoid becoming too quickly excited about Obama's still-early political career.[17][18] Echoing the inaugural address of John F. Kennedy, Obama acknowledged his youthful image, saying in an October 2007 campaign speech, "I wouldn't be here if, time and again, the torch had not been passed to a new generation."[19]

During the 2008 election season, Barack Obama's experience was a topic of contention. Both Democratic and Republican politicians criticized his experience in regard to whether he was ready to be President of the United States. After his nomination the criticism was mostly from Republican politicians; many Democratic politicians stated that they believed that Obama was ready.[20] Criticism was almost exclusively centered on his readiness for the position of commander in chief, as opposed to his abilities as a public servant. Hillary Clinton often stated during her unsuccessful campaign for the Democratic nomination that Obama would not be a candidate who's ready on "Day One".[21] After conceding the race for the nomination, she endorsed Obama. While campaigning for president, Joe Biden believed that Obama could eventually be ready for the job of president, but that at the time he was not ready. Biden, now Obama's vice president, has since revised his position on Obama's readiness, but his quotes from the 2008 Democratic Debates were used in campaign ads for John McCain.[22] Independent Democrat Joe Lieberman has criticized Obama's experience and readiness, citing his response to the Russian invasion of Georgia in August 2008.[23]

[edit] Temperament

A point of contrast between Obama and his 2008 opponent John McCain was Obama's perceived calm, even temperament, which was praised by former presidential candidate Senator Chris Dodd[24] as well as numerous media sources as "cool" and "unflappable".[25][26][27][28][29][30] Speaking in support of Obama in March 2008, retired Air Force Chief of Staff General Tony McPeak referred to him as "no drama Obama" and "no shock Barack".[31] These characterizations were picked up and continued to be used months later by other commentators such as Andrew Sullivan[32] and Arianna Huffington.[33]

[edit] Political image

See also: Obama logo

[edit] Political savvy

Several stories in the Anglo-American news media state that a prominent part of Obama's political image is a belief that Obama's rhetoric and actions toward political reform are matched with a political savvy that often includes a measure of expediency.[34][35][36] In a The New Yorker feature article, for example, reporter Ryan Lizza wrote, "[Obama] campaigns on reforming a broken political process, yet he has always played politics by the rules as they exist, not as he would like them to exist."[34]

The Economist has stated that "If Mr Obama really were the miracle-working, aisle-jumping, consensus-seeking new breed of politician his spin-doctors make him out to be, you would expect to see the evidence in these eight years... Obama spent the whole period without any visible sign of rocking the Democratic boat."[35] After Obama decided not to take public financing during his 2008 campaign, USA Today editorialized that "Real reformers don't do it just when it's convenient."[36] The Associated Press has stated that "In office two months, he has backpedaled on an array of issues, gingerly shifting positions as circumstances dictate while ducking for political cover to avoid undercutting his credibility and authority."[37]

[edit] Elitism

Opponents Clinton and McCain sharply criticized and accused Obama of elitism after he said of small-town Pennsylvanians, "And it's not surprising, then, they get bitter, they cling to guns or religion or antipathy to people who aren't like them or anti-immigrant sentiment or anti-trade sentiment as a way to explain their frustrations."[38] Obama responded to the criticism by pointing out that he was raised by a single mother, in a family that had little money, and he used scholarships to get his education.[39]

Another allegation of elitism came from Jesse Jackson, who criticized Barack Obama in 2007 for "acting like he's white," in response to the Jena 6 beating case.[40] Additionally, on July 6, 2008, during an interview with Fox News, a microphone picked up Jackson whispering to fellow guest Dr. Reed Tuckson:[41] "See, Barack's been, ahh, talking down to black people on this faith-based... I want to cut his nuts out."[42] Jackson was expressing his disappointment in Obama's Father's Day speech chastisement of Black fathers.[43] Following his Fox News interview, Jackson apologized and reiterated his support for Obama.[42]

[edit] Conservative support

Main article: Republican and conservative support for Barack Obama in 2008

Obama has garnered support from a number of Republicans and conservatives.[44] Republicans who support Obama have been labeled "Obama Republican" or Obamacans.[45] Gallup has conducted weekly polls of registered voters to measure support amongst the candidates. A poll conducted between October 13 and October 19, 2008 showed 5% support for Barack Obama from Conservative Republicans, and 15% support from Moderate/Liberal Republicans. Obama's support among Conservative Republicans peaked at 7% the week of June 16 - June 22, 2008, and among Liberal/Moderate Republicans peaked at 21% the week of July 21 - July 27, 2008.[46]

[edit] Around the world

Obama speaking before a crowd of about 200,000[47] at the Berlin Victory Column in Germany on July 24, 2008.

All 22 countries covered in a September 2008 BBC poll said they would prefer to see Senator Obama elected president ahead of Republican opponent John McCain.[48] In 17 of the 22 nations, people expected relations between the United States and the rest of the world to improve if Senator Obama won.[48] More than 22,000 people were questioned by pollster GlobeScan in countries ranging from Canada to India and across Africa, Europe and South America.[48] The margin in favor of Senator Obama ranged from 9% in India to 82% in Kenya (location of Obama's paternal ancestry), while an average of 49% across the 22 countries preferred Senator Obama compared with 12% preferring Senator McCain.[48] Some four in ten did not take a view.[48]

A similar global poll was held by Reader's Digest, with respondents "overwhelmingly" in favor of Obama from all 17 countries, including Mexico, Finland, Sweden, Indonesia, Britain and Spain. Russia gave Obama the lowest score among the countries polled, but still preferred Obama over McCain with a 35% margin.[49] An Australian poll conducted in August 2008 found that over 75% of Australians wanted Obama to win the presidential election, while only 10% showed support for McCain.[50][51]

Similar results were found in New Zealand (65% in favor of Obama, 11% in favor of McCain),[52] Japan (49% in favor of Obama, 13% in favor of McCain),[53] France (65% in favor of Obama, 8% in favor of McCain), Italy (70% in favor of Obama, 15% in favor of McCain), Germany (67% in favor of Obama, 6% in favor of McCain) and the Netherlands (90% in favor of Obama, 6% in favor of McCain).[54][55] The only country surveyed (other than the U.S.) where McCain's popularity rivaled Obama's was Jordan, where 22% were in favor of Obama and 23% in favor of McCain.[56] Obama scored higher approval ratings in all 70 countries covered in an October 2008 Gallup poll, with the most favorable scores coming from Asian and European countries.[57]

In 2007 German journalist Christoph von Marschall wrote a book entitled Barack Obama - Der schwarze Kennedy. The literal translation of its German title is "Barack Obama. The Black Kennedy".[58] His book was a best seller in Germany, where other commentators had also made comparisons between the two politicians.[59]

In addition to this, Obama has established close relationships with prominent foreign politicians and elected officials even before his presidential candidacy, notably with former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, whom he met in London in 2005,[60] with French President Nicolas Sarkozy, who visited him in Washington in 2006 as France's Interior Minister,[61] Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd,[62] who spoke with Obama by telephone from Washington D.C. in 2008 (while Obama was campaigning elsewhere), as well as with Italy's Democratic Party leader, and then Mayor of Rome, Walter Veltroni, who was welcomed in Obama's Senate office in Washington in 2005[63][64] and later wrote the introduction to Obama's The Audacity of Hope Italian edition.[65]

Gallup polls have shown that approval ratings of U.S. leadership in other countries have significantly increased since Obama took office, including a 57 percent increase in Ireland, a 41 percent increase in the United Kingdom and a 46 percent increase in Spain.[66][67]

[edit] Depictions

Obama poses before a statue of Superman in Metropolis, Illinois.

The West Wing writer and producer Eli Attie based the character of Matt Santos (portrayed by Jimmy Smits) on Obama. At the time the politician was only a state senator. Obama later met Smits.[68] Will Smith expressed interest in portraying Obama in a film, citing his physical resemblance – particularly their ears – to the President,[69] something with which Obama concurred while discussing the possibility with Smith.[70] A musical comedy about Obama's presidential campaign, Obama on My Mind, opened in London in 2009.[71] Actor Christopher B. Duncan portrayed Obama in 2008 on the The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. He will also portray Obama in the 2010 Bollywood film My Name is Khan.[72][73][74]

Obama became a popular subject for artists during his presidential campaign. Shepard Fairey designed posters captioned "Hope", and he was commonly depicted as a superhero. Alex Ross painted a portrait of Obama as Superman, tearing open his suit to reveal a shirt with an 'O'-symbol, while in Entertainment Weekly he was depicted as Spider-Man opposite John McCain's Batman.[75] The association of Obama with Superman was picked up by the media and by the candidate himself: at the 2008 Al Smith Dinner, Obama joked, "Contrary to the rumors you have heard, I was not born in a manger. I was actually born on Krypton and sent here by my father, Jor-El, to save the planet Earth."[76] And The Washington Post titled two essays about the impact of Obama's election by Desmond Tutu and Ta-Nehisi Coates "The Man of Tomorrow", referencing a frequent sobriquet of Superman.[77]

President Obama is briefly seen on a TV and mentioned in the 2009 film Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen.

Marvel Comics released a special Inauguration Day comic of The Amazing Spider-Man with a picture portraying Barack Obama with Spider-Man hanging upside down behind him snapping his picture, quipping, "Hey, if you get to be on my cover, can I be on the dollar bill?"[78][79] The comic also featuring a brief story where the Chameleon attempts to pose as Obama in order to be sworn in in his place, Obama subsequently shaking Spider-Man's hand in thanks and admitting that he's always been a fan despite the wall-crawler's negative public image.[80] For copyright reasons, Marvel subsequently denied depictions of Obama as acting president in the Marvel Universe were intended to be him.[81] Obama has been portrayed in other comic books, in the more straightforward Barack Obama: The Road to the White House by IDW (and a couple of related comics),[82] but also as Barack The Barbarian and in Drafted: One Hundred Days by Devil's Due Publishing,[83][84] as a zombie hunter in Antarctic Press' President Evil[85] and with the zombie killer Ash Williams in Dynamite's Army of Darkness: Ash Saves Obama.[86]

An Obama "Joker" protest sign at the Taxpayer March on Washington.

Similarities were drawn between Obama and Harvey Dent in the 2008 film The Dark Knight, released during Obama's campaign. The character, portrayed by Aaron Eckhart, and his time as the "white knight" district attorney – who provides hope in a demoralized city, is given major focus.[87] Another Dark Knight reference can be found in the controversial Obama "Joker" poster, which depicts Obama as Batman villain Joker.[88] Boris Johnson compared Felix Leiter (Jeffrey Wright) in Quantum of Solace to Obama; the African-American CIA ally of James Bond is promoted to become Section Chief in South America over the previous corrupt agent.[89]

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ Wallace-Wells, Benjamin (November 2004). "The Great Black Hope: What's Riding on Barack Obama?". Washington Monthly. http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2004/0411.wallace-wells.html. Retrieved April 7, 2008.  See also: Scott, Janny (December 28, 2007). "A Member of a New Generation, Obama Walks a Fine Line". International Herald Tribune. http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/12/28/america/obama.php. Retrieved April 7, 2008. 
  2. ^ Dickerson, Debra J (January 22, 2007). "Colorblind". Salon. http://www.salon.com/opinion/feature/2007/01/22/obama/index.html. Retrieved January 14, 2008.  For a sampling of views by other black commentators see: Younge, Gary (posted October 27, 2006 (November 13, 2006 issue)). "Obama: Black Like Me". The Nation. http://www.thenation.com/doc/20061113/younge. Retrieved April 7, 2008.  Crouch, Stanley (November 2, 2006). "What Obama Isn't: Black Like Me". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on March 8, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070308142850/www.nydailynews.com/news/ideas_opinions/story/467300p-393261c.html. Retrieved April 7, 2008.  Washington, Laura (January 1, 2007). "Whites May Embrace Obama, But Do 'Regular Black Folks'?". Chicago Sun-Times. http://www.suntimes.com/news/politics/obamacommentary/193216,CST-EDT-LAURA01.article. Retrieved April 7, 2008.  Page, Clarence (February 25, 2007). "Is Barack Black Enough? Now That's a Silly Question". Houston Chronicle. Archived from the original on March 8, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070308133020/www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/editorial/outlook/4580864.html. Retrieved April 7, 2008. 
  3. ^ Ehrenstein, David. "Obama the 'Magic Negro'", Los Angeles Times, March 19, 2007. Retrieved on April 7, 2008.
  4. ^ Payne, Les (August 19, 2007). "In One Country, a Dual Audience" (paid archive). Newsday. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/newsday/access/1322008241.html?dids=1322008241:1322008241&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT. Retrieved April 7, 2008. 
  5. ^ "Only 22% Say McCain Ad Racist, But Over Half (53%) See Obama Dollar-bill Comment That Way". Rasmussenreports.com. August 3, 2008. http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/election_20082/2008_presidential_election/only_22_say_mccain_ad_racist_but_over_half_53_see_obama_dollar_bill_comment_that_way. Retrieved November 3, 2008. 
  6. ^ Obama Aide Concedes 'Dollar Bill' Remark Referred to His Race
  7. ^ http://www.factcheck.org/2008/12/our-disinformed-electorate/
  8. ^ a b Obama sets record straight on his religion. MSNBC.com. Published January 21, 2008.
  9. ^ Poll: Obama extends national lead over McCain, Associated Press (July 10, 2008).
  10. ^ Jonathan Darman, Glow Fading?, Newsweek online exclusive (July 11, 2008).
  11. ^ King, Larry (July 15, 2008). "CNN Larry King Live: Interview with Sen. Barack Obama …". CNN. http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0807/15/lkl.01.html. Retrieved July 17, 2008. 
  12. ^ "Obama cartoon riles Democrats". Baltimoresun.com. November 3, 2008. http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/nation/politics/bal-te.magazine15jul15,0,4906395.story. Retrieved November 3, 2008. 
  13. ^ Hayes, Christopher. "The New Right-Wing Smear Machine". The Nation. http://www.thenation.com/doc/20071112/hayes/single. Retrieved October 14, 2008. 
  14. ^ Mosk, Matthew. An Attack That Came Out of the Ether. The Washington Post, October 14, 2008.
  15. ^ Rutenberg, Jim (October 12, 2008). "The Man Behind the Whispers About Obama". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/13/us/politics/13martin.html. Retrieved October 14, 2008. 
  16. ^ "No Decline in Belief That Obama is a Muslim; Nearly One-in-Five White Evangelicals Think So" Pew Research Center April 1, 2009
  17. ^ "Peggy Noonan on Political Impact of Illegal Immigration". Foxnews.com. June 8, 2008. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,198685,00.html. Retrieved November 3, 2008. 
  18. ^ Noonan, Peggy (December 15, 2006). "The Man From Nowhere". OpinionJournal (Wall Street Journal). http://www.opinionjournal.com/columnists/pnoonan/?id=110009388. Retrieved April 7, 2008.  See also: Obama (2006), pp. 122–124. For Noonan's comments on Obama winning the January 2008 Iowa Caucus, see: Noonan, Peggy (January 4, 2008). "Out With the Old, In With the New". OpinionJournal (Wall Street Journal). http://www.opinionjournal.com/columnists/pnoonan/?id=110011083. Retrieved April 7, 2008. 
  19. ^ Dorning, Mike (October 4, 2007). "Obama Reaches Across Decades to JFK" (paid archive). Chicago Tribune. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/1353513781.html?dids=1353513781:1353513781&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+4%2C+2007&author=Mike+Dorning. Retrieved April 7, 2008.  See also: Harnden, Toby (October 15, 2007). "Barack Obama is JFK Heir, Says Kennedy Aide". Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1565992/Barack-Obama-is-JFK-heir%2C-says-Kennedy-aide.html. Retrieved April 7, 2008. 
  20. ^ Analysis: Is Obama ready for world's toughest job?
  21. ^ USA Today: Will any presidential candidate be ready on 'Day One'?
  22. ^ Politico: Statesman known for slips of his tongue
  23. ^ Lieberman: Obama shows "inexperience" over Georgia
  24. ^ Bloomberg: Obama's Temperament Proves the Right Stuff by Margaret Carlson Published October 9, 2008.
  25. ^ http://www.detnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20081005/OPINION03/810050308/1356/OPINION0330
  26. ^ The Washington Post: Barack Obama for President Published October 17, 2008.
  27. ^ http://society-culture.marc8.com/obamas-temperament-examined
  28. ^ "Triumph of Temperament, Not Policy, by Michael Barone". American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research. http://www.aei.org/article/28906. Retrieved June 6, 2009. 
  29. ^ http://usliberals.about.com/od/obamavsmccainin08/a/ObamaWin_2.htm
  30. ^ Which Barack Obama will govern? By Doyle McManus. Los Angeles Times. Published November 5, 2008.
  31. ^ John McCormick (March 13, 2008). "Obama enlists ex-commanders: 'No shock Barack' fires back at rivals". Chicago Tribune. http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/chi-democrats_thumar13,0,1828250.story. Retrieved December 9, 2008. 
  32. ^ Andrew Sullivan (June 5, 2008). "No Drama Obama". The Daily Dish. The Atlantic. http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2008/06/no-drama-obama.html. Retrieved December 9, 2008. 
  33. ^ Arianna Huffington (November 24, 2008). "Hillary + Obama = High Drama". The Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/arianna-huffington/hillary-obama-high-drama_b_146102.html. Retrieved December 9, 2008. 
  34. ^ a b Making It: How Chicago shaped Obama. Ryan Lizza. The New Yorker. Published July 21, 2008.
  35. ^ a b Here's looking at you, kid. The Economist. Published Sept. 18 2008.
  36. ^ a b Our view on campaign finance: Obama's money move lifts expediency over principle. USA Today. Published June 20, 2008.
  37. ^ PROMISES, PROMISES: Obama rhetoric, reality clash. By Liz Sidoti. The Associated Press. Published March 21, 2009.
  38. ^ “Opponents Paint Obama as an Elitist; Clinton, McCain Try to Score Off 'Bitter' Remark”, Washington Post (April 12, 2008): “You go into these small towns in Pennsylvania ….they get bitter, they cling to guns or religion or antipathy to people who aren't like them or anti-immigrant sentiment or anti-trade sentiment as a way to explain their frustrations."
  39. ^ “The Candidates Respond To ‘Elitist’ Label”, CBS News (October 15, 2008): “I think it's the Ivy League education - that somehow … puts you in this rarified air.”
  40. ^ "Jesse Jackson: Obama needs to bring more attention to Jena 6". CNN.com. September 19, 2007. 
  41. ^ Jackson regrets vulgar Obama comment, Michael Calderone, Politico, July 10, 2008
  42. ^ a b "Jackson apologizes for 'crude' Obama remarks". CNN.com. July 9, 2008. http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/07/09/jesse.jackson.comment/index.html. Retrieved July 10, 2008. 
  43. ^ Bai, Matt (August 6, 2008). "Is Obama the End of Black Politics?". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/10/magazine/10politics-t.html?. Retrieved November 21, 2008. 
  44. ^ Regan, Tom (January 18, 2008). "Barack Obama and His Conservative Fans". National Public Radio. http://www.npr.org/blogs/news/2008/01/barack_obama_and_his_conservat_1.html. Retrieved September 28, 2008. 
  45. ^ Conservatives should rethink their support of Obama Thomas Sowell, Deseret News July 10, 2008.
  46. ^ Candidate Support by Political Party and Ideology Retrieved October 23, 2008.
  47. ^ "Obama Urges Renewed Alliance With Europe in Berlin Speech". Associated Press (foxnews.com). July 24, 2008. http://www.foxnews.com/politics/elections/2008/07/24/obama-urges-renewed-alliance-with-europe-in-berlin-speech/. Retrieved September 25, 2009. 
  48. ^ a b c d e World wants Obama as president: poll
  49. ^ "Obama 'wins' global polls", Gulf Daily News. Retrieved on October 8, 2008.
  50. ^ Knott, Matthew. "Aussies join world cheering for Obama", The Australian Online. Retrieved on October 8, 2008.
  51. ^ Hudson, Phillip. "Obama wins by a landslide - in Australia", The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved on 2008-10-02
  52. ^ "NZers overwhelmingly support Obama for president", The National Business Review. Retrieved on 2008-10-02
  53. ^ Ito, Masami. "Poll: Voters favor Obama for U.S.", The Japan Times Online. Retrieved on 2008-10-02
  54. ^ Blaire, David. "Barack Obama beats John McCain in European vote: US election 2008", telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved on 2008-10-02
  55. ^ Yeh, Joseph. "Taiwanese favor Obama over McCain, poll shows", Taiwan News. Retrieved on October 8, 2008.
  56. ^ "The world loves Obama, except Jordan", Foreign Policy. Retrieved on 2008-10-02
  57. ^ "Rest of world prefers Obama over McCain for US president: poll", The Sydney Morning Herald, 2008. Retrieved on October 23, 2008.
  58. ^ Barack Obama - The Black Kennedy?!
  59. ^ Germany’s Got a Crush on Obama, The Caucus: New York Times politics blog, January 6, 2008
  60. ^ "Obama to visit nuclear, biological weapons destruction facilities in former Soviet Union" - Senate.gov
  61. ^ "Sarkozy, Obama and McCain" - The Economist
  62. ^ "Obama Statement on the U.S. Visit of Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd", Obama.senate.gov, 2008.
  63. ^ Rome Mayor's Leadership Bid May Lead to Early Italian Elections
  64. ^ VELTRONI A NEW YORK - Il politico prevale sull' amministratore
  65. ^ Libreria Rizzoli Galleria
  66. ^ http://www.gallup.com/poll/123710/Leadership-Gets-Approval-Boost-Parts-Europe.aspx
  67. ^ http://www.gallup.com/poll/121991/World-Citizens-Views-Leadership-Pre-Post-Obama.aspx
  68. ^ Jonathan Freedland (February 21, 2008). "From West Wing to the real thing". guardian.co.uk (Guardian Media Group). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/feb/21/barackobama.uselections2008. Retrieved November 5, 2008. </
  69. ^ Jocelyn Vena (December 9, 2008). "Will Smith Still Interested In Playing Barack Obama - If He's Not 'Too Old'". MTV.com. http://www.mtv.com/movies/news/articles/1600986/story.jhtml. Retrieved December 10, 2008. 
  70. ^ "Barack Obama: I want Will Smith to play me". New Zealand Herald. February 27, 2008. http://www.nzherald.co.nz/politics/news/article.cfm?c_id=280&objectid=10494905. Retrieved December 10, 2008. 
  71. ^ New Musical Obama On My Mind to Premiere in London, By Mark Shenton, Jan 20, 2009, Playbill [1]
  72. ^ Christopher B. Duncan as Obama on The Tonight Show
  73. ^ Presidential pretenders finding Web success
  74. ^ Big Spence & Christopher B. Duncan (Braxton from Jamie Foxx show) on the set of 'My Name is Khan'
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