Pseudoaneurysm
Classification and external resources
Pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle, four-chamber echocardiography view
MeSH	D017541

A pseudoaneurysm, also known as a false aneurysm, is a hematoma that forms as the result of a leaking hole in an artery. Note that the hematoma forms outside the arterial wall, so it is contained by the surrounding tissues. Also it must continue to communicate with the artery to be considered a pseudoaneurysm. This must be distinguished from a true aneurysm which is a collection of blood that forms inside the arterial wall, between the layers. A pseudoaneurysm is also different from an arterial dissection in that the leaking hole is relatively small and the resulting hematoma is self-contained. Distinctively, in a pseudoaneurysm, the hole in the arterial wall is generally the consequence of a iatrogenic trauma, most likely a previous invasive medical procedure that necessitated intrusion into an artery somewhere, for example to place a stent. By opposition, an aneurysm or the dreaded dissection are most likely the consequences of an arterial wall congenital or acquired deficiency, for example by mean of atherosclerosis.

Femoral pseudoaneurysms may complicate up to 8% of vascular interventional procedures. Small pseudoaneurysms can spontaneously clot, while others need definitive treatment.

Contents 1 Treatment 2 Association with trauma 3 Symptoms 4 Locations 5 References 6 External links

[edit] Treatment

Surgery is considered the gold-standard treatment, although not without risk in patients with severe cardiovascular disease.

Less invasive treatment options, such as Duplex ultrasound-guided compression and percutaneous thrombin injection are available, however, evidence of their efficacy is somewhat limited.

Endovascular treatment for Pseudoaneurysm is also a possibility.^[1]

[edit] Association with trauma

A pseudoaneurysm may also occur in a chamber of the heart following myocardial damage due to ischemia or trauma. A pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle is a potentially lethal complication from a myocardial infarction.

[edit] Symptoms

Pseudoaneurysm was linked to symptoms of cluster headache by Adam Koenigsberg MD and Glen Solomon MD in a well-described case report published in the Journal of Headache.^[2]

[edit] Locations

Although aneurysms and left ventricular aneurysms may involve any wall segment, aneurysms in the posterolateral wall are frequently due to pseudoaneurysms. In contrast, the most common location for a true left ventricular aneurysm involves the apex of the heart.

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD004981/frame.html
• http://www.myelectronicmd.com/get_reference.php?Id=1164
• http://www.cvtcollege.org/Ac_Programs/dms_vascular/studentbrandie.html

v • d • e Cardiovascular disease: vascular disease · Circulatory system pathology (I70-I99, 440-456) Arteries, arterioles and capillaries Inflammation Arteritis (Aortitis) · Buerger's disease Arterial occlusive disease/ peripheral vascular disease Arteriosclerosis Atherosclerosis (Foam cell, Fatty streak, Atheroma, Intermittent claudication) · Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis · Arteriolosclerosis (Hyaline, Hyperplastic, oxycholesterol, cholesterol, LDL, trans fat) Stenosis Renal artery stenosis · Carotid artery stenosis Other Fibromuscular dysplasia · Degos disease · Aortoiliac occlusive disease · Raynaud's phenomenon/Raynaud's disease · Erythromelalgia Aneurysm/dissection/ pseudoaneurysm torso: Aortic aneurysm (Thoracic aortic aneurysm, Abdominal aortic aneurysm) · Aortic dissection · Coronary artery aneurysm head/neck: Cerebral aneurysm · Intracranial berry aneurysm · Carotid artery dissection · Vertebral artery dissection · Familial aortic dissection Vascular malformation Arteriovenous fistula · Telangiectasia (Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia) Vascular nevus Spider angioma · Halo nevus · Cherry hemangioma Veins Inflammation Phlebitis Venous thrombosis/ Thrombophlebitis primarily lower limb (Deep vein thrombosis) abdomen (May-Thurner syndrome, Portal vein thrombosis, Budd-Chiari syndrome, Renal vein thrombosis) upper limb/torso (Paget-Schroetter disease, Mondor's disease) head (Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis) Post-thrombotic syndrome Varicose veins Varicocele · Gastric varices · Portacaval anastomosis (Hemorrhoid, Esophageal varices, Caput medusae) Other Superior vena cava syndrome · Inferior vena cava syndrome · Venous ulcer · Chronic venous insufficiency · Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency Arteries or veins Vasculitis · Thrombosis · Embolism (Pulmonary embolism, Cholesterol embolism, Paradoxical embolism) · Angiopathy (Macroangiopathy, Microangiopathy) Blood pressure Hypertension Hypertensive heart disease · Hypertensive nephropathy · Essential hypertension  · Secondary hypertension (Renovascular hypertension) · Pulmonary hypertension · Malignant hypertension · Benign hypertension · Systolic hypertension · White coat hypertension Hypotension Orthostatic hypotension vascular navs: anat/physio/dev, noncongen/systemic vasculitis/congen/neoplasia, symptoms+signs/eponymous, proc

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