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The Kingdom of France was organised into provinces until March 4, 1790, when the establishment of the département system superseded provinces. The change was an attempt to eradicate local loyalties based on feudal ownership of land and focus all loyalty on the central government in Paris.

The process by which the territory of the various provinces was gradually incorporated into France may be followed in the article Territorial formation of France.

The names of the former provinces are still used by geographers to designate natural regions, and several French administrative regions carry their names.

Contents 1 The meaning of "province" 2 List of former provinces of France 2.1 Provinces 2.2 Parts of France in 1789 2.3 Provinces not part of France in 1789 3 See also

[edit] The meaning of "province"

French départements, their names, and their borders were chosen by the central government. In contrast, the existence of provinces came from the droit coutumier ("customary law") and was merely certified by the state. A province, also known as état ("state"), was characterised by the laws that belonged to it. A province itself could encompass several other provinces. For example, Burgundy was a province but Bresse — another province — was nevertheless a part of Burgundy.

There is therefore no official list of provinces. The list of généralités, administrative subdivisions of the kingdom, is often presented when one wants to establish the list of provinces on the eve of the French Revolution. The list below is much larger, encompassing provinces throughout French history.

[edit] List of former provinces of France

[edit] Provinces

Major Provinces of France before the Revolution, with provincial capitals marked. Listed as English name (capital). Cities in bold had provincial "parlements" or "conseils souverains".

1. Île-de-France (Paris) 2. Berry (Bourges) 3. Orléanais (Orléans) 4. Normandy (Rouen) 5. Languedoc (Toulouse) 6. Lyonnais (Lyon) 7. Dauphiné (Grenoble) 8. Champagne (Troyes) 9. Aunis (La Rochelle) 10. Saintonge (Saintes) 11. Poitou (Poitiers) 12. Guyenne and Gascony (Bordeaux) 13. Burgundy (Dijon) 14. Picardy (Amiens) 15. Anjou (Angers) 16. Provence (Aix-en-Provence) 17. Angoumois (Angoulême) 18. Bourbonnais (Moulins) 19. Marche (Guéret) 20. Brittany (Rennes)

21. Maine (Le Mans) 22. Touraine (Tours) 23. Limousin (Limoges) 24. Foix (Foix) 25. Auvergne (Clermont-Ferrand) 26. Béarn (Pau) 27. Alsace (Strasbourg, cons. souv. in Colmar) 28. Artois (Arras) 29. Roussillon (Perpignan) 30. Flanders and Hainaut (Lille, parlement in Douai) 31. Franche-Comté (Besançon) 32. Lorraine (Nancy) 33. Corsica (off map, Ajaccio, cons. souv. in Bastia) 34. Nivernais (Nevers) 35. Comtat Venaissin, a Papal fief 36. Imperial Free City of Mulhouse 37. Savoy, a Sardinian fief 38. Nice, a Sardinian fief 39. Montbéliard, a fief of Württemberg 40. (not pictured) Trois-Évêchés (Metz, Toul and Verdun).

[edit] Parts of France in 1789

• Alsace
  • Basse-Alsace
  • Haute-Alsace
  • Sundgau
• Angoumois
• Anjou
  • Besugeois
  • Mauges
• Artois
  • Boulonnais
• Aunis
• Auvergne
• Basse-Navarre
• Béarn
  • Soule
• Beaujolais
• Berry
• Bourbonnais
• Burgundy
  • Autunois
  • Auxerrois
  • Auxois
  • Bassigny
  • Châlonnois
  • Charollois
  • Dijonnais
  • Mâconnais
  • Bresse
    • Bugey
    • Dombes
    • Pays de Gex
    • Valromey
• Brittany
• Champagne
  • Brie champenoise
  • Perthois
  • Rhemois
  • Senonais
  • Vallage
• Corsica
• Dauphiné
  • Baronnies
  • Briançonnois
  • Champsaur
  • Diois
  • Gapençais
  • Graisivaudan
  • Embrunais
  • Valentinois
  • Viennois
• Flanders and Hainaut
  • Flandre maritime
  • Flandre wallonne
  • Hainaut (France)
  • Cambrésis
• Pays de Foix
  • Donnezan
• Forez
• Franche-Comté
• Gascony
  • Agenois
  • Armagnac
  • Bigorre
  • Comminges
  • Condomois
  • Couserans
  • Estarac
  • Grave
  • Lomagne
  • Marsan
  • Nébouzan
  • Quatre-Vallées
• Guyenne
  • Bordelais
  • Bazadois
  • Chalosse
  • Labourd
  • Lannes
  • Périgord
  • Quercy
  • Rouergue
• Île-de-France
  • Beauvaisis
  • Brie française
  • Gâtinais français
  • Hurepoix
  • Laonnois
  • Mantois
  • Multien
  • Noyonnais
  • Omois
  • Parisis
  • Pays de France
  • Quart de Noyon
  • Soissonnois
  • Vexin français
  • Valois
• Languedoc
  • Gévaudan
  • Principality of Orange
  • Velay
  • Vivarais
• Landau (Imperial Free City occupied in 1680, restored to Bavaria in 1815)
• Limousin
• Lorraine
  • Barrois
• Lyonnais
  • Plat pays de Lyonnais
  • Lyon
  • Franc-Lyonnais
• Maine
• Marche
  • Combrailles
• Nivernais
• Normandie
  • Avranchin
  • Pays d'Auge
  • Bessin
  • Pays de Bray
  • Campagne de Caen
  • Pays de Caux
  • Cotentin
  • Le Houlme
  • Lieuvin
  • Campagne du Neubourg
  • Pays d'Ouche
  • Roumois
  • Campagne de Saint-André
  • Vexin Normand
• Orléanais
  • Blésois
  • Pays chartrain
  • Dunois
  • Gâtinais orléanais
  • Vendômois
• Perche
  • Perche-Gouët
  • Thimerais
• Picardy
  • Amienois
  • Ponthieu
  • Santerre
  • Thiérache
  • Vermandois
  • Vimeu
• Poitou
• Provence
• Roussillon
  • Roussillon
  • Cerdagne
  • Conflent
  • Vallespir
  • Capcir
• Saintonge
• Touraine
• Trois-Évêchés

[edit] Provinces not part of France in 1789

• Avignon and the Comtat Venaissin, belonging to the Pope were incorporated in 1791
• Montbéliard was incorporated in 1793 as part of the Rauracian Republic, to which it belonged briefly.
• Mulhouse, an Imperial Free City allied with Switzerland was incorporated in 1798
• Savoy and Nice were temporarily annexed to France in the period 1792-1815 but were restored to the Kingdom of Sardinia by the Congress of Vienna. Only in 1860 were they annexed again to France.
• Several other territories along the northern border of Alsace and Lorraine were also incorporated during the course of the French Revolution.

[edit] See also

• Ancien Régime in France