A proerythroblast (or rubriblast, or pronormoblast) is the earliest of four stages in development of the normoblast.

In histology, it is very difficult to distinguish it from the other "blast" cells (lymphoblast, myeloblast, monoblast, and megakaryoblast.) The cytoplasm is blue in an H&E stain, indicating that it is basophilic.

Proerythroblasts arise from the CFU-e (colony forming unit erythroid) cells, and give rise to basophilic erythroblasts. In mouse, proerythroblasts are large committed progenitors that express high levels of transferrin receptor (iron acquisition receptor), the erythropoietin receptor (EpoR), some c-Kit (stem cell factor receptor), and are Ter119 (cell surface molecule) positive. Their proliferative capacity is more limited compared to the preceding stage, the CFU-e.

In vivo, starting with the proerythroblast stage, erythroid cells undergo several more cell divisions while at the same time upregulating survival genes such as Bcl-xL, acquiring and storing large amounts of iron, ramping up the synthesis of hemoglobin and other erythroid genes (in large part a GATA-1 dependent process that is augmented by the EpoR signaling) and decreasing in cell size, eventually removing their nucleus and being released into the bloodstream as a reticulocyte.

Contents 1 "Pronormoblast" vs. "proerythroblast" 2 Additional images 3 References 4 External links

[edit] "Pronormoblast" vs. "proerythroblast"

Some sources consider the terms "pronormoblast" and "proerythroblast" to be synonyms.^[1] However, other sources^[2] consider "proerythroblast" to be a parent term, divided into the following two categories:

• "pronormoblast" - normal develoment
• "promegaloblast" - abnormal development

[edit] Additional images

Blood cell lineage

[edit] References

1. ^ Pronormoblast at eMedicine Dictionary
2. ^ Proerythroblast, Dorland's Medical Dictionary

[edit] External links

• Histology at BU 01804loa - "Bone Marrow and Hemopoiesis: bone marrow smear, erythroblast series with proerythroblast"
• Histology at OU 75_11
• Histology at KUMC blood-blood04
• Image and description at purdue.edu
• Histology of "promegaloblast" at marist.edu (pernicious anemia)
• Interactive image at usuarios.lycos.es
• Overview at temple.edu

This developmental biology article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v • d • e

v • d • e Myeloid physiology Hematopoiesis Myelopoiesis (CFU-GEMM) CFU-GM Granulopoiesis (Myeloblast, Promyelocyte, Myelocyte, Metamyelocyte, Band cell) Monocytopoiesis (Monoblast, Promonocyte) MEP Thrombopoiesis (Megakaryoblast, Promegakaryocyte) Erythropoiesis (Proerythroblast, Normoblast, Reticulocyte) General Extramedullary hematopoiesis Hemostasis Coagulation (Fibrinolysis) · Clot retraction · Platelet adhesiveness myeloid navs: cells/physio, disease of RBCs+megakaryocytes/monocytes+granulocytes/neoplasia, symptoms+signs/eponymous