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Princess Augusta
Princess Augusta
	Duchess consort of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Consort	26 March 1780 – 10 November 1806
Spouse	Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick
More Issue
	Duchess Augusta of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel; Caroline, Queen of the United Kingdom; Frederick William, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel
Full name
	Augusta Frederica
House	House of Hanover; House of Brunswick-Bevern
Father	Frederick, Prince of Wales
Mother	Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha
Born	31 August 1737; St James's Palace, London
Died	23 March 1813 (aged 75); Hanover Square, London
Burial	31 March 1813; St George's Chapel, Windsor

Princess Augusta (Augusta Frederica; 31 August 1737 – 23 March 1813) was a member of the British Royal Family, a granddaughter of George II and sister of George III. She later married into the Ducal House of Brunswick, of which she was already a member. Her daughter Caroline of Brunswick was the Queen consort of George IV.

[edit] Early life

Princess Augusta was born at St. James's Palace, London. Her father was Frederick, Prince of Wales, the eldest son of King George II and Queen Caroline of Ansbach. Her mother was the Princess of Wales, Augusta of Saxe-Gotha. Twenty-nine days later, she was christened at St. James's Palace by the Archbishop of Canterbury. Her godparents were her paternal grandfather, the King (represented by his Lord Chamberlain, the Duke of Grafton), and her grandmothers, Queen Caroline and the Dowager Duchess of Saxe-Gotha (both represented by proxies).^[2] She was born second in the line of succession.

[edit] Marriage

On 16 January 1764, Augusta married Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick at the Chapel Royal of St James's Palace.

[edit] Later life

In 1806, when Prussia declared war on France, the Duke of Brunswick, 71 at the time, was appointed commander-in-chief of the Prussian army. On 14 October of that year, at the Battle of Jena, Napoleon defeated the Prussian army, and, on the same day, at the battle of Auerstadt, the Duke of Brunswick was seriously wounded, dying a few days later. The Duchess of Brunswick, with two of her sons, and a widowed daughter-in-law, fled her ruined palace for Altona, and then fled to Augustenborg, a small town east of Jutland.

The Duchess of Brunswick remained here, residing with her niece, Princess Louise Augusta, daughter of her sister Queen Caroline Mathilde of Denmark, until her brother, George III finally relented, in September 1807, and allowed her to move to London. She moved to Montague House, Blackheath, in Greenwich, with her daughter, the Princess of Wales, but soon fell out with her daughter, and purchased the house next door, Brunswick House, as she renamed it. The Duchess of Brunswick lived out her days in Blackheath and died, in 1813, aged 75.

[edit] Titles, styles, honour and arms

[edit] Titles and styles

31 August 1737 – 16 January 1764: Her Royal Highness Princess Augusta^[3]
16 January 1764 – 26 March 1780: Her Royal Highness The Hereditary Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg
26 March 1780 – 10 November 1806: Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg
10 November 1806 – 23 March 1813: Her Royal Highness The Dowager Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg

[edit] Arms

Augusta was granted use of the arms of the kingdom, differenced by a label argent of five points, the centre bearing a cross gules, the other points each bearing a rose gules.^[4]

[edit] Ancestors

[edit] Issue

Together the couple had 7 children:

Name	Birth	Death	Notes
Auguste Caroline Friederike Luise	3 December 1764	27 September 1788	married 1780, Friedrich III, Duke of Württemberg; had issue
Karl Georg August	8 February 1766	20 September 1806	married 1790, Frederika Luise Wilhelmine, Princess of Orange-Nassau; no issue
Caroline Amalie Elisabeth	17 May 1768	7 August 1821	married 1795, George IV of the United Kingdom; had issue
Georg Wilhelm Christian	27 June 1769	16 September 1811	Declared an invalid; Excluded from line of succession
August	18 August 1770	18 December 1822	Declared an invalid; Excluded from line of succession
Friedrich Wilhelm	9 October 1771	16 June 1815	married 1802, Maria Elisabeth Wilhelmine, Princess of Baden; had issue
Amelie Karoline Dorothea Luise, Princess of Brunswick-Luneburg	22 November 1772	2 April 1773

[edit] Sources

Beckett, William A.: Universal Biography. London: Isaac, 1836.
Kwan, Elisabeth E.; Röhrig, Anna E.: Frauen vom Hof der Welfen. Göttingen: MatrixMedia 2006, ISBN 3-932313-17-8, p. 115−126.

[edit] References

[0] The Peerage – Charles I, Duke of Brunswick

[1] Yvonne's Royalty Home Page: Royal Christenings

[noofwales-2] The London Gazette, 17 January 1764

[3] Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family

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